Interaction of Eyelids and Tears in Corneal Wetting and the Dynamics of the Normal Human Eyeblink

Doane, Marshall G.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(80)90058-6

Cited by 346 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…this cannot be ascribed to the suppression that is known to accompany saccadic eye movements. Such small eye movements as take place during a blink do not appear to be saccades, but more passive, nasalward motions-attributable to forces from the closure of the lids (Doane, 1980;Ginsborg & Maurice, 1959;Hung, Hsu, & Stark, 1977;Miller, 1967;Volkmann et al, 1980). The present results support the concept of an efferent corollary signal, but also indicate that its suppressive effect upon visual sensitivity need not arise from a conscious command to blink.…”

Section: Outcome Of These Experimentssupporting

confidence: 67%

Reflex eyeblinks and visual suppression

Manning

Riggs

Komenda

1983

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Outcome Of These Experimentssupporting

confidence: 67%

Reflex eyeblinks and visual suppression

Manning

Riggs

Komenda

1983

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Second, corneal irritation provides an error signal that indirectly indicates blink size. Because the decreased blink amplitude caused by reduced eyelid motility fails to maintain the tear film adequately (Doane, 1980), activation of corneal afferents by corneal irritation provides an error signal. There are a number of possible roles for these error signals.…”

Section: Abstract: Motor Learning; Reflex Blinks; Facial Nerve Palsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1, 4). The increase in blink amplitude and frequency reduces tear film breakup by spreading tears and increasing the meibomian oil excreted to stabilize the aqueous component of the tear film (Doane, 1980(Doane, , 1981Nakamori et al, 1997;Bron and Tiffany, 1998). Despite their efficacy in reducing corneal irritation, these adaptive modifications do not alleviate the proprioceptive error signal created by the difference in actual and intended blink amplitude.…”

Section: Two Modes Of Blink Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the increased drive onto both the palsied and the normal facial nuclei from the trigeminal complex ipsilateral to the palsied lid causes the normal eyelid to make larger and more frequent blinks than necessary to maintain a normal tear film Huffman et al, 1996). This excessive blinking can remove tears too rapidly (Doane, 1980(Doane, , 1981, creating a mild corneal irritation in the unaffected eye (Spiera et al, 1997;Sahlin et al, 2000). The corneal irritation of the unaffected eyelid would initiate hyperexcitability and blink oscillations in the trigeminal complex contralateral to the palsied eyelid.…”

Section: Facial Nerve Palsy and Lid Restraint Produce The Same Blink mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lid Restraint Evokes Two Types of Motor Adaptation

Schicatano

Mantzouranis²,

Peshori³

et al. 2002

J. Neurosci.

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Unilateral reduction in eyelid motility produced two modes of blink adaptation in humans. The first adaptive modification affected both eyelids. Stimulation of the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve (SO) ipsilateral to the upper eyelid with reduced motility evoked bilateral, hyperexcitable reflex blinks, whereas contralateral SO stimulation elicited normally excitable blinks bilaterally. The probability of blink oscillations evoked by stimulation of the ipsilateral SO also increased with a reduction in lid motility. The increased probability of blink oscillations correlated with the enhanced trigeminal reflex blink excitability. Thus, the trigeminal complex ipsilateral to the restrained eyelid coordinated an increase in excitability and blink oscillations independent of the eyelid experiencing reduced motility. The second type of modification appeared only in the eyelid experiencing reduced motility. When tested immediately after removing lid restraint, blink amplitude increased in this eyelid relative to the normal eyelid regardless of the stimulated SO. A patient with seventh nerve palsy exhibited the same two patterns of blink adaptation. These results were consistent with two forms of adaptation, presumably because unilateral lid restraint produced two error signals. The corneal irritation caused by reduced blink amplitude generated abnormal corneal inputs. The difference between proprioceptive feedback from the blink and expected blink magnitude signaled an error in blink amplitude. The corneal irritation appeared to drive an adaptive process organized through the trigeminal complex, whereas the proprioceptive error signal drove an adaptive process involving just the motoneurons controlling the restrained eyelid.

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“…The most obvious function of EB is the lubrication of the eye (Doane 1980;Karson et al 1990). Another role is the stabilization of the tear film (Korb et al 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Without Blinking an Eye: Proactive Motor Control Enhancement

Yaniv

Lavidor

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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While most cognitive control enhancement studies have focused on reactive inhibition paradigms, enhancement of proactive control of urge-driven behaviors has been relatively neglected. With the aim of focusing on the proactive components of cognitive control over motor output, we designed a simple, ecologically valid eye blinking suppression task and applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Fifty-three subjects randomly allocated to three different stimulation groups underwent active or sham stimulation, subsequently performing eye blinking and stop signal tasks. Results showed that anodal stimulation over the rIFG increased the ability to suppress blinks compared to sham and active control stimulation. In addition, the rIFG group demonstrated a general slowdown of the stop signal reaction time, implying proactive control enhancement. Herein, we discuss our results with regard to previous findings as well as possible interventions in clinical populations.

show abstract

Interaction of Eyelids and Tears in Corneal Wetting and the Dynamics of the Normal Human Eyeblink

Cited by 346 publications

References 8 publications

Reflex eyeblinks and visual suppression

Reflex eyeblinks and visual suppression

Lid Restraint Evokes Two Types of Motor Adaptation

Without Blinking an Eye: Proactive Motor Control Enhancement

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