Interaction of Friedel-Crafts Catalysts With Alkyl Halides and Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Ionic Liquids: Past, present and future

“…À and a protonated toluene species. 26 The latter must be described as the toluenium cation, which was a bright emerald green species, and undoubtedly also an extremely potent protonating agent itself. It was only stable below À45 C, however.…”

“…At that temperature it lost one mole of HCl, forming the even weaker base, the heptachlorodialuminate anion. 26 At the same time, but with more metallurgical purpose, Hurley and Weir 7 described the ionic liquids in the system ethylpyridinium bromide + AlCl 3 , to which we earlier made reference. They also studied other metallic halides that would dissolve in the ionic liquid, and described the cases in which electrodeposition could be achieved.…”

Alkylation of thiophenic compounds catalyzed by deep eutectic solvents

“…As the activity of Friedel-Crafts catalysts, the complex is formed when proton acceptor (i.e. aromatic) is in association with AlCl 3 and HCl [24,25]. As follows:…”

Alkylation of isobutane and butene using chloroaluminate imidazolium ionic liquid as catalyst: Effect of organosulfur compound additive

“…In this system, AlCl 3 could be transformed to Brønsted acid via interaction between AlCl 3 and HCl, which came from the reaction of AlCl 3 and trace of water in feedstock. However, no interaction occurs between pure AlCl 3 and pure HCl, excepting in the presence of a basic compound (i.e., a proton acceptor) [28]. With a proton acceptor, a complex forms in which AlCl 3 and HCl are associated with molar ratio of 1 : 1 as follows: …”