“…Moreover, procaine also affects the activity of Na,K-ATPase [81], an effect that can account for its antisickling properties [82]. Reports of procaine binding to dopamine [83], serotonin [84], muscarinic [85], nicotinic acetylcholine [86], opioid [87], and N-methyl-D-aspartate [88] receptors are also available. (4) is a class Ia antiarrhythmic drug used for shortterm treatment of ventricular tachycardia and a variety of supraventricular tachycardias, primarily atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation [89,90].…”