Interaction of Magnesium Ion, Oxygen Tension, and Temperature in the Production of Toxic-Shock-Syndrome Toxin-1 by Staphylococcus aureus

Kass, Edward H.; Kendrick, Mary I.; Tsai, Ying-Chuech; Parsonnet, Jeffrey

doi:10.1093/infdis/155.4.812

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated repression of another staphylococcal toxin associated with TSS, TSST-1, by anaerobic conditions and enhancement of toxin production in aerobic conditions, particularly in the presence of elevated carbon dioxide (15,(32)(33)(34)(35). Our laboratory has also determined that the effect of oxygen on tstH expression occurs primarily at the transcriptional level and is independent of cell density and pH (15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity Island 3

Yarwood

McCormick

Paustian

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

126

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We describe the complete sequence of the 15.9-kb staphylococcal pathogenicity island 3 encoding staphylococcal enterotoxin serotypes B, K, and Q. The island, which meets the generally accepted definition of pathogenicity islands, contains 24 open reading frames potentially encoding proteins of more than 50 amino acids, including an apparently functional integrase. The element is bordered by two 17-bp direct repeats identical to those found flanking staphylococcal pathogenicity island 1. The island has extensive regions of homology to previously described pathogenicity islands, particularly staphylococcal pathogenicity islands 1 and bov. The expression of 22 of the 24 open reading frames contained on staphylococcal pathogenicity island 3 was detected either in vitro during growth in a laboratory medium or serum or in vivo in a rabbit model of toxic shock syndrome using DNA microarrays. The effect of oxygen tension on staphylococcal pathogenicity island 3 gene expression was also examined. By comparison with the known staphylococcal pathogenicity islands in the context of gene expression described here, we propose a model of pathogenicity island origin and evolution involving specialized transduction events and addition, deletion, or recombination of pathogenicity island "modules."

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity Island 3

Yarwood

McCormick

Paustian

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

126

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“…Briefly, primers located approximately 100 bp downstream of the start codons for srrA and srrB were radiolabeled with [␥- 33 P]ATP and cleaned with Microspin G-25 columns (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech), ϳ2.5 ϫ 10 5 cpm was incubated with reverse transcriptase, and RNA was harvested from exponential-phase cultures of MN8 grown in the presence of 21% oxygen and 7% carbon dioxide. The same primers were used in a PCR-based sequencing reaction with radiolabeled terminators (dideoxynucleoside triphosphates [15]) by using a U.S. Biochemicals ThermoSequence radiolabeled terminator cycle sequencing kit and MN8 genomic DNA as the template. The PCR conditions were 35 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, 55°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 1.5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. aureus is known to regulate TSST-1 production in response to NaCl, sucrose, magnesium, oxygen, temperature, and carbon dioxide (2,15,29,35,38). In particular, several authors have described the ability of S. aureus to regulate TSST-1 production in response to oxygen (15,29,38). There are no known systems by which S. aureus responds to oxygen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Virulence Factor Regulation by SrrAB, a Two-Component System in Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2004

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Workers in our laboratory have previously identified the staphylococcal respiratory response AB (SrrAB), a Staphylococcus aureus two-component system that acts in the global regulation of virulence factors. This system down-regulates production of agr RNAIII, protein A, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), particularly under low-oxygen conditions. In this study we investigated the localization and membrane orientation of SrrA and SrrB, transcription of the srrAB operon, the DNA-binding properties of SrrA, and the effect of SrrAB expression on S. aureus virulence. We found that SrrA is localized to the S. aureus cytoplasm, while SrrB is localized to the membrane and is properly oriented to function as a histidine kinase. srrAB has one transcriptional start site which results in either an srrA transcript or a full-length srrAB transcript; srrB must be cotranscribed with srrA. Gel shift assays of the agr P2, agr P3, protein A (spa), TSST-1 (tst), and srr promoters revealed SrrA binding at each of these promoters. Analysis of SrrAB-overexpressing strains by using the rabbit model of bacterial endocarditis demonstrated that overexpression of SrrAB decreased the virulence of the organisms compared to the virulence of isogenic strains that do not overexpress SrrAB. We concluded that SrrAB is properly localized and oriented to function as a two-component system. Overexpression of SrrAB, which represses agr RNAIII, TSST-1, and protein A in vitro, decreases virulence in the rabbit endocarditis model. Repression of these virulence factors is likely due to a direct interaction between SrrA and the agr, tst, and spa promoters.

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“…Normally, the pH of the vagina changes to neutral during menstruation, but at times other than menstruation, the pH is highly acidic (2,10,14,(23)(24)(25). In addition, toxin production occurs at 37°C, in the presence of at least 2% oxygen balanced with 7% CO 2 and protein (13,29). These studies led investigators to suggest that the tampon association with TSS may depend on introduction of oxygen vaginally, since the vagina is anaerobic in the absence of tampons (13,29,39,40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, toxin production occurs at 37°C, in the presence of at least 2% oxygen balanced with 7% CO 2 and protein (13,29). These studies led investigators to suggest that the tampon association with TSS may depend on introduction of oxygen vaginally, since the vagina is anaerobic in the absence of tampons (13,29,39,40). In addition, studies suggest that certain surfactants added to tampons, such as pluronic L92, increase TSST-1 production by S. aureus (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen Profile Shift from 1980 and 1981 to 2003, 2004, and 2005

et al. 2007

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Interaction of Magnesium Ion, Oxygen Tension, and Temperature in the Production of Toxic-Shock-Syndrome Toxin-1 by Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 55 publications

References 5 publications

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity Island 3

Characterization and Expression Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity Island 3

Characterization of Virulence Factor Regulation by SrrAB, a Two-Component System in Staphylococcus aureus

Vaginal Staphylococcus aureus Superantigen Profile Shift from 1980 and 1981 to 2003, 2004, and 2005

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