Interaction of MC4R rs17782313 variants and dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality on basal metabolic rate and general and central obesity in overweight/obese women: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Recent studies have shown that dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality as well as genetic variants may contribute to determining the metabolic rate and general and central obesity. This study aimed to examine interactions between melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) rs17782313 and dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) on body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and BMR/kg in overweight/obese women. Methods A total of 282 Iranian women (BMI ≥ 25) aged 18–56 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All participants were assessed for blood parameters, body composition, BMR, and dietary intake. Dietary carbohydrate intake, GI, and GL were determined using a valid, reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire. MC4R rs17782313 was genotyped by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results After adjustment for age and energy intake, significant interactions were observed between carbohydrate intake and MC4R rs17782313 in terms of BMI (P Interaction = 0.007), WC (P Interaction = 0.02), and BMR/kg (P Interaction = 0.003) in this way that higher carbohydrate intake, compared with lower intake, was associated with an increase in BMI and WC for individuals with C allele carriers (TC + CC genotypes), while related to an increase in BMR/kg for those carrying the TT genotype. No significant interaction was found between MC4R rs17782313 and GI and GL on BMI, WC, BMR/kg, and BMR. Conclusions Interactions between the MC4R rs17782313 and carbohydrate intake probably can have an effect on BMI, WC, and BMR/kg in overweight/obese women.

Predictive Roles of Basal Metabolic Rate and Body Water Distribution in Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity: The link to Carbohydrates

“…These might indicate that different types of obesity have different mechanisms. Higher carbohydrate intake is related to an increase in BMR/kg in women with overweight or obesity [ 41 ]. This coincides with our study in that “obese people eat more carbohydrates that did not suffer from muscle loss, while people with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity intake less carbohydrates intake”.…”

Association of the rs17782313, rs17773430 and rs34114122 Polymorphisms of/near MC4R Gene with Obesity-Related Biomarkers in a Spanish Pediatric Cohort

“…It has also been identified as a risk factor for obesity in offspring [21][22][23][24][25]. Other SNPs, such as rs17773430, have been associated with a higher percentage of fat mass [26][27][28], and rs34114122 is associated with an increase in plasma ghrelin levels and energy intake [29]. However, with advances in the understanding of the role of the MC4R gene, some points remain to be clarified, such as the effect of polymorphism combinations on the gene.…”

Meat consumption and the risk of general and central obesity: the Shahedieh study

“…Furthermore, most studies in this area of research have been conducted in Western countries where red meat consumption has been reported to be high, while people living in the Middle East, have a special pattern of consumption. Iranian people consume a large amount of carbohydrates in their usual diets [ 19 ] and have a higher intake of full-fat red meats, compared to other meats [ 8 ]. Moreover, the intake of fish per capita in Iran is lower than the international standard [ 20 ].…”