“…122 Table 2 summarizes the properties of different LSCF compositions along with other perovskite-type SOFC cathodes. 15,28,59,61–72,74,76–78,80–82,84,86,92–97,99–104,106–108,122,124,125,127,129–131,136–143…”
As a highly efficient-clean power generation technology, intermediate temperature (600-800 °C) solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) have gained much interest due to their rapid start-up and shut-down capability, longer life-time...
“…122 Table 2 summarizes the properties of different LSCF compositions along with other perovskite-type SOFC cathodes. 15,28,59,61–72,74,76–78,80–82,84,86,92–97,99–104,106–108,122,124,125,127,129–131,136–143…”
As a highly efficient-clean power generation technology, intermediate temperature (600-800 °C) solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) have gained much interest due to their rapid start-up and shut-down capability, longer life-time...
“…More recently, Dubey et al emphasized the importance of the carboxylic functionality in the adsorption process . Numerous modifications have been used to increase the number of acidic surface sites on activated carbon, including modification by H 2 O 2 , HNO 3 , and (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 . However, because of these modifications, the adsorption capacity either drastically decreases or undergoes an insignificant increase.…”
BACKGROUND: The adsorption capacity of activated carbon has been found to improve through modification with ionic liquids. However, ionic liquids tend to separate from the activated carbon when exposed to water even for a relatively short period.
RESULTS: Characterization of spherical activated carbon (SAC) modified with poly(1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) (PIL) showed that 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL) was adsorbed and polymerized on SAC.Stability studies of PIL-SAC in water demonstrated that it was more stable against IL desorption in water than the non-polymerized IL-SAC. The adsorption data showed that the modification improved the adsorption capacity of SAC at least 2-fold. The results also indicated that although the pH and ionic strength of the solution played a significant role in the adsorption process, there was no significant influence on the adsorption capacity. Moreover, PIL-SAC could be reused at least five times with only minor losses in its adsorption capacity.CONCLUSION: The activated carbon modified with PIL produces a remarkable increase in the ibuprofen adsorption capacity and strongly decreases undesirable desorption of ionic liquids.
“…In this work, which continues a study [9] dedicated to the effects of different types of modification on the porous structure characteristics and the functional composition of the surface oxygen containing groups, we examined the thermal modification of active car bons with different porous structure parameters and surface states under varied conditions. Commercial granulated activated carbons AG OV 1 (A I) and SKD 515 (S I) (OAO Sorbent, Perm) were chosen as test materials for this study; they were preliminarily washed with distilled water to remove dust fractions and dried to an air dry state.…”
The results of the thermal modification of AG OV 1 and SKD 515 activated carbons under varied conditions (by atmospheric oxygen and in an atmosphere of nitrogen) are reported. It was determined that, on the thermal oxidation under selected conditions, the formation of surface oxygen compounds predomi nated over the process of their destruction. Upon thermal treatment in an inert atmosphere, oxygen contain ing acid type groups were removed from the surface of activated carbons or converted into pyrone (basic) and ether structures. It was shown that a change in the porous structure and the surface functional group compo sition of the activated carbons depends on not only the conditions of modification but also the properties of the initial carbon adsorbents. Heating in an atmosphere of air led to an increase in the adsorption of both ben zene and water vapors, whereas the heat treatment of activated carbons in the inert atmosphere increased the adsorption of only the nonpolar compound (benzene).
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