Interaction of parasitoids associated with fruit flies attacking star fruit (Averrhoa carambolae) in Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia

Abstract

Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) is a fruit plant that has a high consumption rate, especially in the Central/South America and Asia-Pacific regions including Indonesia. The fruit fly, Bactrocera spp. become a major pest on star fruit commodities in Indonesia which can harm quantity and quality which in turn hampers export activities. The aims of this study was to identify the type of pest, the level of attack, and the type of parasitoid associated with star fruit flies in the Denpasar City area. Fruit samples were collected using a purposive sampling method, namely collecting symptomatic fruit planted in four sub-districts in Denpasar City. Identification was carried out on the types of fruit flies and parasitoids that emerged after the rearing period. The percentage of fruit damage and the degree of parasitization was also determined. The fruit flies identified were Bactrocera carambolae and B. dorsalis and two parasitoids, namely Fopius arisanus and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. The percentage (%) of fruit damage was 83.10%. The interaction that occurs between the fruit fly population and the level of damage is also very close. In all observation sites in Denpasar City, the parasitization rate of F. arisanus was higher than that of D. longicaudata. Our findings indicate that fruit flies are one of the main causes of star fruit damage in Denpasar City and should be integrated into a more comprehensive Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program by the relevant authorities.

Evaluation of the Community Structure Leafminer Fly, Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and Their Parasitoids on Various Host Plant Families in Bali Province

“…Differences in community structure and parasitization levels were associated with host density in the field. In general, there will be a correlation between insect pest abundance and their parasitoids (Yuliadhi et al 2021a(Yuliadhi et al , 2021b(Yuliadhi et al , 2022. Host predation by parasitoids may be completed by habitat finding, host existence, host acceptance, and host compatibility (Konopka et al 2018).…”

“…Leaf samples are collected at each site, placed in 1 kg sterile plastic bags tagged and sent to the laboratory. Leaf samples were then separated based on the development of larvae infestation and grown in a transparent plastic container with specifications based on the study of Yuliadhi et al (2022), namely a height of 10 cm and…”

Abundance, distribution mapping and DNA barcoding of Procontarinia robusta (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a mango gall midge in Bali, Indonesia

“…Leaf samples containing larvae were then separated and housed in transparent plastic containers 10 cm and 12 cm in diameter. These rearing containers are then put on wooden racks until adult flies and/or parasitoids emerge (Yuliadhi et al 2021(Yuliadhi et al , 2022. In addition, 20 adult midges reared from infected mango leaves were collected for genetic identification.…”

Utilization of methyl eugenol bait traps on fruit flies (Bactrocera spp) (Diptera: Tephritidae) caught at dusung of fruits in Ambon Island

“…This research was funded by DRPM-Ministry of Education and Culture, Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia through Fundamental Research Grant 2022, hence the authors express sincere thanks to the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture, Research and Technology. dusung er, the level of fruit fly attack is also highly depend on the presence of fruit fly populations in the field, in which a high population tends to increase attack rates [14]. The level of fly attack is also influenced by the fruit texture of the host plant such as fruit skin texture, fruit flesh color, and fruit aroma.…”