Interaction of Short-Range Repressors with
            <i>Drosophila</i>
            CtBP in the Embryo

Nibu, Yutaka; Zhang, Hailan; Levine, Michael

doi:10.1126/science.280.5360.101

Cited by 245 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, transheterozygous knirps and CtBP embryos have disruptions in eve expression, suggesting that Knirps function is partially impaired, and a frameshift mutation in knirps encoding a protein lacking the CtBP binding motif is a strong hypomorph (Gerwin et al, 1994;Nibu et al, 1998a). Furthermore, a point mutation in the CtBP binding motif results in a protein that lacks the dominant phenotype of the wild-type protein when misexpressed in a pattern of eve stripe 2 (Nibu et al, 1998b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CtBP co-repressor is required for full activity of shortrange repressors such as Knirps, Krüppel, Giant and Snail that play important roles in patterning the blastoderm embryo (Nibu et al, 1998a;Nibu et al, 1998b). This evolutionarily conserved co-factor also interacts with a number of vertebrate transcriptional regulators, including the adenovirus E1A protein, Net, Ikaros, Zeb and, indirectly, the Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (reviewed by Chinnadurai, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative contributions of CtBP-dependent and -independent repression activities of Knirps

et al. 2004

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The Drosophila Knirps protein is a short-range transcriptional repressor that locally inhibits activators by recruiting the CtBP co-repressor. Knirps also possesses CtBP-independent repression activity. The functional importance of multiple repression activities is not well understood, but the finding that Knirps does not repress some cis-regulatory elements in the absence of CtBP suggested that the co-factor may supply a unique function essential to repress certain types of activators. We assayed CtBP-dependent and -independent repression domains of Knirps in Drosophila embryos, and found that the CtBPindependent activity, when provided at higher than normal levels, can repress an eve regulatory element that normally requires CtBP. Dose response analysis revealed that the activity of Knirps containing both CtBP-dependent and -independent repression activities is higher than that of the CtBP-independent domain alone. The requirement for CtBP at certain enhancers appears to reflect the need for overall higher levels of repression, rather than a requirement for an activity unique to CtBP. Thus, CtBP contributes quantitatively, rather than qualitatively, to overall repression function. The finding that both repression activities are simultaneously deployed suggests that the multiple repression activities do not function as cryptic 'backup' systems, but that each contributes quantitatively to total repressor output.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative contributions of CtBP-dependent and -independent repression activities of Knirps

et al. 2004

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“…Gt and other segmental proteins have been characterized as shortrange repressors that interfere with the activity of cis-regulatory or promoter elements when bound up to 100 bp away (Nibu et al, 1998;Hewitt et al, 1999). It is thought that shortrange repressors might quench neighboring activators, inhibiting their access to the DNA or blocking their interaction with other components of the transcriptional machinery (Kulkarni and Arnosti, 2005).…”

Section: Discussion Gt Acts As a Morphogen For The Striped Pattern Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating giant (Gt) repression in the formation of partially overlapping pair‐rule stripes

Ribeiro

Ventrice

Machado‐Lima

et al. 2010

Developmental Dynamics

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Drosophila pair-rule genes are expressed in striped patterns with a precise order of overlap between stripes of different genes. We investigated the role of Giant (Gt) in the regulation of even-skipped, hairy, runt, and fushi tarazu stripes formed in the vicinity of Gt expression domains. In gt null embryos, specific stripes of eve, h, run, and ftz are disrupted. With an ectopic expression system, we verified that stripes affected in the mutant are also repressed. Simultaneously hybridizing gt misxpressing embryos with two pair-rule gene probes, we were able to distinguish differences in the repression of pairs of stripes that overlap extensively. Together, our results showed Gt repression roles in the regulation of two groups of partially overlapping stripes and that Gt morphogen activity is part of the mechanism responsible for the differential positioning of these stripes borders. We discuss the possibility that other factors regulate Gt stripe targets as well. Developmental Dynamics 239:2989-2999,

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“…Indirect evidence has indicated that CtBP may modulate the metastatic potential of the adenoviral E1A protein (Boyd et al, 1993;Schaeper et al, 1995;Sollerbrant et al, 1996). This modulation activity of CtBP may be exerted through transcriptional regulation since the Drosophila homolog of CtBP has recently been shown to function as a short-range transcriptional repressor (Nibu et al, 1998;Poortinga et al, 1998). The direct associations of CtIP with CtBP and BRCA1 suggest that CtIP participates in some aspects of transcriptional regulation either in the E1A or BRCA1 pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%