Interaction of silver and gold nanoparticles in mammalian cancer: as real topical bullet for wound healing— A comparative study

Abstract

The present study evaluates in vitro cytotoxic effects and the mode of interaction of biologically synthesized Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs) using Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra (BOL) against HT-1080 cancer cells and bacterial cells as well as their wound healing efficacy using a mouse model. UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis have ascertained the formation of nano-sized Ag and Au particles. Fourier transform infrared analysis has confirmed that polyphenol and amide groups in BOL act as capping as well as reducing agents. The free radical scavenging activity under in vitro conditions is found to be higher for the Ag NPs when compared to the Au NPs. Acridine orange-ethidium bromide dual staining and comet assay have indicated that the cytotoxic effects are mediated through nuclear morphological changes and DNA damage. The intracellular localization of Ag and Au NPs in HT-1080 cells and their subsequent effect on apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometry while the mode of interaction was established by scanning electron microscopy under field emission mode and by bio-transmission electron microscopy. These methods of analysis clearly revealed that the Ag and Au NPs have easily entered and accumulated into the cytosol and nucleus, resulting in activation of inflammatory and apoptosis pathways, which in turn cause damage in DNA. Further, mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and caspase-7, TNF-α, and NF-κB have provided sufficient clues for induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis and inflammatory pathways in Ag NP- and Au NP-treated cells. Evaluation of wound healing properties of Ag and Au NPs using a mouse model indicates rapid healing of wounds. In addition, no clear toxic effects and no nuclear abnormalities in peripheral blood cells are observed. Ag NPs appear to be a better anticancer therapeutic agent than Au NPs. Nonetheless, both Ag NPs and Au NPs show potential for promoting topical wound healing without any toxic effects. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of biological synthesis of Ag and Au NPs and its application on cancer and wound healing.

Effect of In Ovo Injection of L-Arginine in Different Chicken Embryonic Development Stages on Post-Hatchability, Immune Response, and Myo-D and Myogenin Proteins

“…MN and NA were assayed in the liver by standard methods presented elsewhere [21,22]. Blood samples collected from the first day of the hatching period were immediately smeared on clean grease-free microscope slides and air dried.…”

Eco friendly silver nanoparticles synthesis by Brassica oleracea and its antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant properties

“…They are primarily prepared from noble metals, e.g., silver, gold, platinum, and palladium with AgNPs being the most exploited 16 . Apart from the varied role of nanoparticles in the field of nanotechnology including the chemical kinetics, nanoelectronics, cytocompatibility studies, tissue engineering and targeted drug delivery, the applications are extended to production of potential antimicrobial and anticancer agents in the field of biomedical sciences 17 – 20 . Interestingly, nanotechnology with the distinctive characteristics of metal nanoparticles like high surface-to-volume ratio, ease of synthesis and surface functionalization makes prospectives in cancer therapeutics 21 , 22 .…”

Mechanisms of silver nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in rat tracheal epithelial cells

“…It has been shown that AgNPs led to apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent and caspase-dependent intrinsic pathways mediated by ROS and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (Piao et al, 2011). However, AgNPs also activated apoptosis via extrinsic pathways proved by mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 and caspase-7, TNF-alpha, and NF-kappa B after easily entering and accumulating into the cytosol and nucleus (Sivakumar et al, 2017). Therefore, it is necessary to explore the effect of AgNPs on the toxicity mechanism related to cellular dynamic changes andapoptosis in epithelial cells.…”