Interaction of swift ion beams with surfaces: Sputtering of secondary ions from LiF studied by XY-TOF-SIMS

Hijazi, Hussein; Rothard, H.; Boduch, P.; Alzaher, Ibrahim; Ropars, F.; Cassimi, A.; Ramillon, Jean-Marc; Been, T.; d'Etat, Brigitte Ban; Lebius, H.; Farenzena, L. S.; Silveira, E.F. da

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2010.12.062

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this study, we report our initial experiments performed with this setup on organic films irradiated by 4.8 MeV/u gold ions. ToF-SIMS studies on molecular ion emission under SHI bombardment have been reported before, [10][11][12][13][14][15] indicating that electronic sputtering might be a possible strategy to "softly" desorb intact molecules with minimal amount of fragmentation. These experiments, however, have been conducted at lower kinetic energies where electronic and nuclear stopping are of comparable magnitude and, most importantly, were restricted to the ionic component of the sputtered material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Secondary ion and neutral mass spectrometry with swift heavy ions: Organic molecules

Breuer

Meinerzhagen

Herder

et al. 2016

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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The authors report on experiments regarding the electronic and nuclear sputtering of organic films. The newly built swift heavy ion induced particle emission and surface modifications setup [Meinerzhagen et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 013903 (2016)] at the M1 Branch at the universal linear accelerator (UNILAC) beam line at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany, has been used for research on organic molecules in the electronic sputtering regime. This setup has the unique capability not only to investigate electronically sputtered ions by projectiles with kinetic energies up to several giga-electron-volt but also to detect their neutral counterparts as well by laser postionization. For this purpose, the experiment is equipped with a laser system delivering 157 nm pulses with photon energies of 7.9 eV to be utilized in single photon ionization. In addition to the investigation of sputtered ions and neutrals in the electronic sputtering regime, a comparison of typical fragments between fundamentally different sputtering mechanisms has been performed by using two different common time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) instruments. The use of the different instruments offers the possibility to investigate the influence of the differing sputter processes from the linear cascade regime over collisional spikes to the thermal spike regime under high energy ion bombardment. The experiments in the collision-dominated nuclear stopping regime have been performed using 20 keV Bi+ and Bi3+ as atomic and small cluster projectiles and using 20 keV C60+ representing a medium-sized cluster. In the electronic sputtering regime, 4.8 MeV/u 197Au26+ swift heavy ions created by the UNILAC have been used as projectiles. As targets thin films of coronene on silicon substrates, a polycyclic hydrocarbon and Irganox 1010, an antioxidant well known from different studies in the SIMS community, have been utilized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Secondary ion and neutral mass spectrometry with swift heavy ions: Organic molecules

Breuer

Meinerzhagen

Herder

et al. 2016

Journal of Vacuum Science &Amp; Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phen

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“…The hardening effect appears at fluences above 6 × 10 11 ions/cm 2 , increases with the fluence, and reaches saturation around 140% at fluences above 6 × 10 13 ions/cm 2 . A slight increase of the hardness with decreasing the indentation depth can be related to the indentation size effect [17] and partially also to irradiationinduced surface modifications [18]. The nanoindentation results on the frontal surface also show an ion-induced increase of Young's modulus.…”

Section: Ion-induced Hardening On Frontal and Profile Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of dislocations and hardening of LiF under high-dose irradiation with 5–21 MeV 12C ions

et al. 2017

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The emergence of dislocations and hardening of LiF crystals irradiated to high doses with 12 C ions have been investigated using chemical etching, AFM, nanoin-dentation, and thermal annealing. At fluences ensuring the overlapping of tracks (Ф ≥6 × 10 11 ions/cm 2), the formation of dislocationrich structure and ion-induced hardening is observed. Highfluence (10 15 ions/cm 2) irradiation with 12 C ions causes accumulation of extended defects and induces hardening comparable to that reached by heavy ions despite of large differences in ion mass, energy, energy loss, and track morphology. The depth profiles of hardness indicate on a notable contribution of elastic collision mechanism (nuclear loss) in the damage production and hardening. The effect manifests at the end part of the ion range and becomes significant at high fluences (≥10 14 ions/cm 2).

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“…The stability of these clusters has been already demonstrated by DFT calculations 16,17 and studied by TOF-SIMS experiments. 18 They are able to provide conductivity to the SEI by a ion (Li + and F − ) hopping mechanism from cluster to cluster. At the opposite, there is a larger amount of carbon and oxygen containing species in the sample which has been cycled in the presence of SA.…”

Section: Xps Analysis Of Lithiated Graphite Interfaces-symmetricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of Succinic Anhydride at Lithium and Graphite Electrodes

Charton

Santos-Peña

Biller

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Succinic anhydride (SA) is an useful electrolyte additive for high voltage cathodes but has also a negative impact on graphite (Gr) or Li anodes. For this reason, the Li/electrolyte and Gr/electrolyte interfaces were investigated at 20 • C and 45 • C using half or symmetrical cells. When SA is added at 1% by weight to the electrolyte (alkylcarbonate mixture + LiPF 6 ), an increase in the Li/Li cell impedance at 20 • C occurs owing to the formation of a resistive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), composed of an inorganic inner layer and an organic outer layer, whereas at 45 • C or in absence of SA, the interphase is more inorganic in nature. The reversible capacity of graphite, cycled in Gr/Li half-cells in the presence of SA, is very low at 20 • C but almost ten times larger at 45 • C. Cycling symmetrical Gr/Gr cells at 45 • C indicates that Gr capacity is lower in the presence of SA in connection with the presence of an organic and polymer rich SEI. GC-MS analysis of the electrolyte after cycling shows that ethylene glycol bis-(alkylcarbonate) derivatives disappear when SA is present, owing to the ability of SA to react with lithium alkoxides to yield oligopolyester. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are a reliable way to store electric energy, with high gravimetric and volumetric energy density, which allows their application in nomad systems including electric and/or hybrid vehicles. However, electric vehicles range is unsuitable for most of the consumers and, therefore, energy density should be improved. In the past twenty years, many researches have been performed on electrode materials and electrolytes with the aim to enhance battery performance. Use of 5V class positive electrodes (cathodes) is a convenient way to increase LIBs energy density. It explains the development of promising "high voltage" materials like Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , 1 Li 2 CoPO 4 F 2 or the LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) 3 spinel. Nevertheless, the use of new cathodes operating at high voltage leads to the degradation of the battery electrolyte, usually based on a mixture of cyclic and linear alkylcarbonates containing LiPF 6 as salt and functional additives. Unfortunately, standard electrolytes are oxidized on 5 V cathodes and this significantly limits the battery cycling life. From the first cycles, electrolyte components degrade forming by-products, which in turn, can interact with electrodes surface. As an example, a passive layer is formed on graphite (Gr)/electrolyte interface at the first charge. This layer, known as the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), has a strong impact on the LIBs performances. Electrolyte formulation influences the chemical nature and structure of the SEI. With the aim to improve SEI quality and stability, SEI-forming additives like vinylene carbonate (VC) are generally added to the electrolyte in low amount (less than 5% by weight). These additives are designed to generate a protective passive layer on the active material surface preventing continuous electrolyte decomposition reactions.Whereas additives can be ...

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Interaction of swift ion beams with surfaces: Sputtering of secondary ions from LiF studied by XY-TOF-SIMS

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

Secondary ion and neutral mass spectrometry with swift heavy ions: Organic molecules

Secondary ion and neutral mass spectrometry with swift heavy ions: Organic molecules

Formation of dislocations and hardening of LiF under high-dose irradiation with 5–21 MeV 12C ions

Reactivity of Succinic Anhydride at Lithium and Graphite Electrodes

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