“…() observed Daphnia males choose deeper water strata than females and, in consequence, experience temperatures even 4°C colder than females. Similar differences lead to increased lifespan of planktonic ectotherms (e.g., rotifers: Bosque, Hernandez, Perez, Todolı, & Oltra, ; Johnston & Snell, ; copepods: Brugnano, Guglielmo, Ianora, & Zagami, ; Kiørboe, Ceballos, & Thygesen, ; cladocerans: Orcutt & Porter, ; Engert et al., ), both via physical effect of decreased metabolic rate and via changes in gene expression (Johnston & Snell, ; see also a review by Keil, Cummings, & de Magalhães, ). Indeed, Daphnia choosing deeper, and thus colder, strata have been shown to live longer (Pietrzak et al., ).…”