Interaction of the Salivary Glycoprotein EP-GP with the Bacterium Streptococcus salivarius HB

Schenkels, L. C. P. M.; Ligtenberg, A.J.M.; Veerman, E.C.I.; Amerongen, A. van Nieuw

doi:10.1177/00220345930720120501

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We can conclude that the latter is most likely because S. mutans attachment and biofilm formation in the presence of MUC5B are significantly decreased at most time points compared to the levels in the presence of methylcellulose. There are at least three potential mechanisms by which MUC5B could protect the surface from bacterial colonization: (i) MUC5B could bind or agglutinate bacteria, which would allow planktonic bacteria to be swept out of the oral cavity with salivary flow but enhance bacterial attachment to surfaces coated with MUC5B (14,25,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44), (ii) MUC5B could have the opposite effect, where its heterogeneous glycan chains repel bacteria, thereby preventing surface attachment (9,11,(45)(46)(47), or (iii) MUC5B could directly downregulate S. mutans genes involved in attachment and biofilm formation. In our case, it appears that MUC5B is repelling S. mutans and/or directly influencing genetic modifications that protect the glass and hydroxyapatite surfaces from bacterial attachment and biofilm formation.…”

Section: Sucrose Enhances S Mutans Attachment and Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Mucins Protect Surfaces from Colonization by Cariogenic Bacteria

Frenkel

Ribbeck

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

111

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bUnderstanding how the body's natural defenses function to protect the oral cavity from the myriad of bacteria that colonize its surfaces is an ongoing topic of research that can lead to breakthroughs in treatment and prevention. One key defense mechanism on all moist epithelial linings, such as the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, is a layer of thick, well-hydrated mucus. The main gel-forming components of mucus are mucins, large glycoproteins that play a key role in host defense. This study focuses on elucidating the connection between MUC5B salivary mucins and dental caries, one of the most common oral diseases. Dental caries is predominantly caused by Streptococcus mutans attachment and biofilm formation on the tooth surface. Once S. mutans attaches to the tooth, it produces organic acids as metabolic by-products that dissolve tooth enamel, leading to cavity formation. We utilize CFU counts and fluorescence microscopy to quantitatively show that S. mutans attachment and biofilm formation are most robust in the presence of sucrose and that aqueous solutions of purified human MUC5B protect surfaces by acting as an antibiofouling agent in the presence of sucrose. In addition, we find that MUC5B does not alter S. mutans growth and decreases surface attachment and biofilm formation by maintaining S. mutans in the planktonic form. These insights point to the importance of salivary mucins in oral health and lead to a better understanding of how MUC5B could play a role in cavity prevention or diagnosis. One of the body's key defense mechanisms on wet epithelial linings, such as the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, is a layer of thick, well-hydrated mucus. The viscoelastic properties of mucus are attributed to mucins, large glycoproteins that play a key role in host defense and maintaining a healthy microbial environment (1-3). Defects in mucin production can lead to diseases such as ulcerative colitis when mucins are underproduced or cystic fibrosis and asthma when mucins are overproduced (4-6). In addition, studies have shown that mucins can interact with microbes, such as Helicobacter pylori, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and human immunodeficiency virus (7-10). These diseases and microbial interactions highlight the necessity of mucins as one of the body's key natural defenses; however, few studies have focused specifically on the connection between MUC5B salivary mucins and oral diseases. This study fills this gap in understanding by exploring the connection between purified human MUC5B and the virulence of Streptococcus mutans, one of the main cavitycausing bacteria naturally found in the oral cavity (11). MUC7 is another salivary mucin, but MUC5B is the primary mucin component of the dental pellicle coating the soft and hard tissues in the oral cavity (12, 13). Importantly, the effects of MUC5B are characterized in a clinically relevant three-dimensional model that mimics the natural environment in the oral cavity; mucins are secreted into an aqueous phase as opposed to a two-dimensional surfac...

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Section: Sucrose Enhances S Mutans Attachment and Biofilm Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Mucins Protect Surfaces from Colonization by Cariogenic Bacteria

Frenkel

Ribbeck

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

111

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“…Although MG2 seems to bind to a wide variety of bacteria suspended in saliva (Biesbrock et al, 1991;Brack et al, 1987;Gibbons et al, 1978;Hogg et al, 1979;Levine et al, 1978;Scannapieco et al, 1987;Schenkels et al, 1993), highly purified MG2 does not bind directly to these same bacteria (Biesbrock et al, 1991). Mucins appear to lose the ability to interact with bacteria as a result of the purification process.…”

Section: Mucinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While as yet not described as an agglutinin, EP-GP (extra-parotid glycoprotein) has been found to bind to strains of Streptococcus salivarius (Schenkels et al, 1993). EP-GP is a 19 to 20-kDa glycoprotein secreted by submandibular salivary glands (Rathman et al, 1990).…”

Section: Other Agglutininsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva-Bacterium Interactions in Oral Microbial Ecology

Scannapieco

1994

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

286

250

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Saliva is thought to have a significant impact on the colonization of microorganisms in the oral cavity. Salivary components may participate in this process by one of four general mechanisms: binding to microorganisms to facilitate their clearance from the oral cavity, serving as receptors in oral pellicles for microbial adhesion to host surfaces, inhibiting microbial growth or mediating microbial killing, and serving as microbial nutritional substrates. This article reviews information pertinent to the molecular interaction of salivary components with bacteria (primarily the oral streptococci and Actinomyces) and explores the implications of these interactions for oral bacterial colonization and dental plaque formation. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms controlling bacterial colonization of the oral cavity may suggest methods to prevent not only dental plaque formation but also serious medical infections that may follow microbial colonization of the oral cavity.

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“…Another interesting function of salivary lipocalins is that the proteins have an affinity for actin-binding proteins (79,82). VEG protein specifically binds to Streptococcus salivarius, just as lipocalin inhibits the growth of S. salivarius (83). VEG protein inhibits papain activity to a similar extent as do s a l i v a r y c y s t a t i n s ( 8 4 ) , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t t h e biophysiological activities of VEG protein lipocalins are involved in certain antimicrobial processes in the oral cavity as well as in ocular tissue.…”

Section: Lipocalinsmentioning

confidence: 99%