Interaction of threat expressions and eye gaze

Nomi, Jason S.; Frances, Candice; Nguyen, Maia T.; Bastidas, Stephanie; Troup, Lucy J.

doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283647682

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Therefore, gaze manipulations may not be salient enough to influence processing at this early sensory stage. This is supported by findings with adults reporting emotion effects during early visual processing but an interaction with gaze only during later processing stages (71).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Unconscious discrimination of social cues from eye whites in infants

Jessen

Großmann

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Human eyes serve two key functions in face-to-face social interactions: they provide cues about a person's emotional state and attentional focus (gaze direction). Both functions critically rely on the morphologically unique human sclera and have been shown to operate even in the absence of conscious awareness in adults. However, it is not known whether the ability to respond to social cues from scleral information without conscious awareness exists early in human ontogeny and can therefore be considered a foundational feature of human social functioning. In the current study, we used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to show that 7-mo-old infants discriminate between fearful and nonfearful eyes (experiment 1) and between direct and averted gaze (experiment 2), even when presented below the perceptual threshold. These effects were specific to the human sclera and not seen in response to polarityinverted eyes. Our results suggest that early in ontogeny the human brain detects social cues from scleral information even in the absence of conscious awareness. The current findings support the view that the human eye with its prominent sclera serves critical communicative functions during human social interactions.infancy | social perception | human eye | subliminal processing | emotion processing

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Unconscious discrimination of social cues from eye whites in infants

Jessen

Großmann

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Interestingly in the present study, the differences between direct and averted gaze found in the second negativity of the Lambda complex was not observed in the target locked N170. The majority of previous studies using static images in adult typical populations were unable to find any differences between gaze directions in these components (Grice et al, 2005, Klucharev and Sams, 2004; Nomi, Frances, Nguyen, Bastidas, & Troup, 2013; Taylor, George, & Ducorps, 2001; Taylor, Itier, Allison, & Edmonds, 2001; Yokoyama, Noguchi, & Kita, 2013), with two finding larger N170 for averted gaze (Itier et al, 2007, Watanabe et al, 2002). A similar difference in N170 was observed in Conty et al (2007), where gaze dynamically changed from a neutral position to direct or averted gaze.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Direct gaze facilitates rapid orienting to faces: Evidence from express saccades and saccadic potentials

Mares

Smith

Johnson

et al. 2016

Biological Psychology

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“…It appears then that implicit/explicit processing interacted with emotional expression such that angry expressions influenced early components regardless of tasks, while happy expressions only influenced later components when explicitly attended. This suggests that emotion processing is best explained by emotion specific differences in attention and best fits with a constructivist description of emotion processing [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A recent meta-analysis of a decade’s worth of data addressed two possible accounts for how emotion is processed in the brain: a “locationalist” account, where a specific brain location is responsible for eliciting a particular emotion, and a “psychological constructionist” account, which suggests that processing of emotion is distributed across brain structures [ 4 ]. Recent research investigating the temporal processing of emotion suggests that early processing of emotional stimuli, measured electrophysiologically, were modulated by task [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Rellecke et al asked participants to either, explicitly identify the emotional expression of a face stimulus, or implicitly process emotional expression in a passive viewing task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Event-Related Potential Study on the Effects of Cannabis on Emotion Processing

et al. 2016

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The effect of cannabis on emotional processing was investigated using event-related potential paradigms (ERPs). ERPs associated with emotional processing of cannabis users, and non-using controls, were recorded and compared during an implicit and explicit emotional expression recognition and empathy task. Comparisons in P3 component mean amplitudes were made between cannabis users and controls. Results showed a significant decrease in the P3 amplitude in cannabis users compared to controls. Specifically, cannabis users showed reduced P3 amplitudes for implicit compared to explicit processing over centro-parietal sites which reversed, and was enhanced, at fronto-central sites. Cannabis users also showed a decreased P3 to happy faces, with an increase to angry faces, compared to controls. These effects appear to increase with those participants that self-reported the highest levels of cannabis consumption. Those cannabis users with the greatest consumption rates showed the largest P3 deficits for explicit processing and negative emotions. These data suggest that there is a complex relationship between cannabis consumption and emotion processing that appears to be modulated by attention.

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Interaction of threat expressions and eye gaze

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Unconscious discrimination of social cues from eye whites in infants

Unconscious discrimination of social cues from eye whites in infants

Direct gaze facilitates rapid orienting to faces: Evidence from express saccades and saccadic potentials

An Event-Related Potential Study on the Effects of Cannabis on Emotion Processing

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