Interaction of toxin-1 and T lymphocytes in toxic shock syndrome

Abstract

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a potentially fatal illness caused by infection with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) contains a T-cell epitope with specificity for human V-beta-2. Binding of TSST-1 to the human major histocompatibility complex and T cell receptors activates T cells and triggers the secretion of high amounts of inflammatory cytokines, leading to TSS and potentially death. During this process, CD4+ T cells are inhibited by TSST-1, while regulatory T cells are increased. This suggests a protective immune response by the body in TSS. Thus, TSST-1 can trigger both, an inflammatory response that attacks the body and a protective response. In this review, we discuss the interaction between TSST-1 and T lymphocytes in TSS.

Identification of a novel fully human anti-toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1 single-chain fragment variable antibody averting TSST-1-induced mitogenesis and cytokines secretion

“…The possible involvement of TSST-1 in a group of complicated disorders, from atherosclerosis [20] and autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis) [3,9,21], to Kawasaki syndrome and sudden infant death syndrome [9,21], plus its prominent role in the toxic shock syndrome [5,22], highlight the need to nd functional agents speci cally targeting TSST-1. The history of applying antibodies as neutralizing toxins and three FDA-approved mAbs in the market (bezlotoxumab, obiltoxaximab, and Raxibacumab) [16] make mAbs the rst choice as anti-TSST-1 agents.…”

Identification of a novel fully human anti-toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1 single-chain variable fragment antibody averting TSST-1-induced mitogenesis and cytokine secretion

“…The potential involvement of TSST-1 in a group of complicated disorders, including atherosclerosis [ 22 ] and autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis) [ 3 , 9 , 23 ], Kawasaki syndrome, and sudden infant death syndrome [ 9 , 23 ], as well as its prominent role in the toxic shock syndrome [ 5 , 24 ], underscore the necessity of finding functional agents targeting TSST-1. The history of applying antibodies to neutralize toxins and three FDA-approved mAbs in the market (Bezlotoxumab, Obiltoxaximab, and Raxibacumab) [ 16 ] make mAbs substantial anti-TSST-1 agents.…”