Interaction of Triatomines with Their Bacterial Microbiota and Trypanosomes

Guarneri, Alessandra A.; Schaub, Günter A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64548-9_15

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…These results suggest that the presence of T. cruzi might favor parasitic transmission towards hosts [ 59 ]. The contrasting results between experimentally infected insects and naturally infected insects suggest that the origin of M. spinolai (laboratory-reared versus wild-caught nymphs), the type of T. cruzi infection (e.g., DTU identity, amount of T. cruzi entering with the blood meal, or frequency of infected blood meals), microbiota changes (i.e., bacteria composition after triatomine feeding), and/or the blood source are important factors that might explain, at least in part, the observed differences [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Climatic Season Influence the Developmental Capacity in Field-Caught Mepraia spinolai Nymphs

Botzotz

Méndez-Valdés

Ortíz

et al. 2023

Insects

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In this study, we evaluated the effect of the climatic season and infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease, on the molting capacity of the triatomine vector Mepraia spinolai endemic to Chile. We used wild-caught first-to-fourth instar nymphs during cooling (fall and winter) and warming (spring) periods. After capturing, nymphs were fed at the laboratory, and maintained under optimal rearing conditions. Feeding was repeated 40 days later. We followed-up the molting events on 709 nymphs, recording one, two or the absence of molts after two feeding opportunities. Within the same climatic period, only infected second- and fourth-instar nymphs from the warming period showed a larger proportion of double molting compared to uninfected nymphs. Regarding the climatic period, infected and uninfected first- and fourth-instar nymphs exhibited a larger proportion of double molting in the warming and cooling periods, respectively. The pattern of non-molting nymph occurrence suggests they probably reach diapause by environmental stochasticity. The effect of the climatic period and T. cruzi infection on the development of M. spinolai is an instar-dependent phenomenon, highlighting the occurrence of finely synchronized processes at different moments of the life cycle of such an hemimetabolous insect as triatomines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Climatic Season Influence the Developmental Capacity in Field-Caught Mepraia spinolai Nymphs

Botzotz

Méndez-Valdés

Ortíz

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…Despite the low or even unapparent parasitaemia that T. rangeli promotes in vertebrate hosts, the infection rates of insects fed on infected mice are around 80% (Ferreira et al ., 2015 ). However, the percentage of insects with an intestinal infection that develop a systemic infection normally does not exceed 50% (reviewed in Guarneri and Schaub, 2021 ). Interestingly, in insects collected in the wild, systemic infection rates are lower, ranging from 1 to 15% (Pifano and Mayer, 1949 ; D'Alessandro and Mandel, 1969 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 50 μ L syringe (Hamilton Company, USA, needle 13 × 3.3; ½”) connected to a dispenser (model 705, Hamilton Company) was used to inoculate the parasites. This inoculum is necessary to ensure systemic infections in all individuals with intestinal infections (reviewed in Guarneri and Lorenzo, 2017 ; Guarneri and Schaub, 2021 ). One day after inoculation, insects were fed on anaesthetized mice.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trypanosoma rangeli can produce massive infections in the insect, which will generate different levels of pathogenic effects. Increased mortality rates, delay in development and post-ecdysis deformations are all reported effects in T. rangeli -infected Rhodnius (reviewed in Guarneri and Lorenzo, 2017 ; Guarneri and Schaub, 2021 ). We have previously shown that T. rangeli decreases the fecundity of newly moulted adults of Rhodnius prolixus by interfering with the amount of blood females use in egg production (Fellet et al ., 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trypanosoma rangeli infection impairs reproductive success of Rhodnius prolixus

Silva

Guarneri

2022

Parasitology

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Trypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan that infects triatomines and mammals in Central and South America. Although it does not cause disease to humans, this parasite produces different levels of pathogenicity to its invertebrate host, mainly in species of the genus Rhodnius. In this study, we followed T. rangeli-infected and uninfected pairs throughout their adult lives and measured the amount of blood ingested, number of eggs laid, number of eggs hatched and proportion of infertile eggs, as well as female life expectancy. We found that all reproductive parameters were drastically decreased during infection, mainly due to the reduced amount of blood the infected insects ingested throughout their lives. Reproductive parameters were also affected by the reduction of the life expectancy of infected females, as survival was positively correlated with the number of eggs laid. The strategies used by the parasite to be transmitted are discussed in view of the pathological effects it causes in the insect.

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“…Chagas disease is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), which is transmitted mainly through the dejections of triatomine insects (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), commonly known as kissing bugs [ 3 ]. Triatomines are primarily hematophagous, feeding on the species available in their habitat, and their most studied behavior relates to orientation towards the host, ingestion of blood, and defecation [ 4 , 5 ]. In triatomines, the search for a blood meal is related to the detection of the host’s main signals, odors and heat [ 6 , 7 ], activating their appetitive search and orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Parasite Load of Trypanosoma cruzi Modulates Feeding and Defecation Patterns of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans

et al. 2022

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Trypanosoma cruzi is the causal agent of Chagas disease, a parasitic zoonosis transmitted mainly through the feces of triatomine insects. Triatoma infestans is the main triatomine vector of this disease in South America. Previous research has shown that T. cruzi infection modifies the behavior of triatomines. We evaluated, for the first time, the effect of parasite load on feeding and defecation behavior, which we quantified by using real-time PCR. The detection time of the host was shorter in infected individuals, and the number of bites increased, while the dejection time was reduced when compared with the non-infected group. A significant correlation between the parasite load and the behavioral changes registered in the infected triatomines was found. These results would indicate that the intensity of T. cruzi infection modulates the feeding and defecation behavior of T. infestans, increasing the vector competence of this triatomine vector.

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Interaction of Triatomines with Their Bacterial Microbiota and Trypanosomes

Cited by 15 publications

References 222 publications

Natural Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Climatic Season Influence the Developmental Capacity in Field-Caught Mepraia spinolai Nymphs

Natural Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Climatic Season Influence the Developmental Capacity in Field-Caught Mepraia spinolai Nymphs

Trypanosoma rangeli infection impairs reproductive success of Rhodnius prolixus

The Parasite Load of Trypanosoma cruzi Modulates Feeding and Defecation Patterns of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans

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