Interaction-shaped vortex-antivortex lattices in polariton fluids

Hivet, R.; Cancellieri, E.; Boulier, Thomas; Ballarini, Dario; Sanvitto, D.; Marchetti, F. M.; Szymańska, M. H.; Ciuti, Cristiano; Giacobino, E.; Bramati, Alberto

doi:10.1103/physrevb.89.134501

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Moreover, in the superfluid state we observe the vanishing of the interference visible in the linear regime when two or more fluids meet [42]. This phenomenon was predicted and observed to be accompanied by the annihilation of all vortex-antivortex (V-AV) pairs [43,44].…”

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Injection of Orbital Angular Momentum and Storage of Quantized Vortices in Polariton Superfluids

et al. 2016

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We report the experimental investigation and theoretical modeling of a rotating polariton superfluid relying on an innovative method for the injection of angular momentum. This novel, multipump injection method uses four coherent lasers arranged in a square, resonantly creating four polariton populations propagating inwards. The control available over the direction of propagation of the superflows allows injecting a controllable non-quantized amount of optical angular momentum. When the density at the center is low enough to neglect polariton-polariton interactions, optical singularities, associated to an interference pattern, are visible in the phase. In the superfluid regime resulting from the strong nonlinear polariton-polariton interaction, the interference pattern disappears and only vortices with the same sign are persisting in the system. Remarkably the number of vortices inside the superfluid region can be controlled by controlling the angular momentum injected by the pumps.Introduction. In planar semiconductor microcavities, the strong coupling between light (photons) and matter (excitons) [1] gives rise to exciton-polaritons, with specific properties such as a low effective mass, inherited from their photonic component, and strong nonlinear interactions due to their excitonic part. These quasi-particles offer a great opportunity to revisit in solid state materials the interaction between light and matter, first explored in atomic physics. Polaritonic systems are easily controllable by optical techniques and, due to their finite lifetimes, are ideal systems for studying out-of-equilibrium phenomena [2,3]. In analogy with the atomic case [4,5], the superfluid behavior of polariton quantum fluids has been theoretically predicted [6] and experimentally confirmed [7][8][9].Quantized vortices are topological excitations characterized by the vanishing of the field density at a given point (the vortex core) and the quantized winding of the field phase from 0 to 2π around it. Together with solitons, they have been extensively studied and observed in nonlinear optical systems [10] [17][18][19][20][21] in polariton fluids, more detailed studies of vortices and vortex arrays are still needed in order to achieve a better understanding of polariton superfluidity and of vortex dynamics, as well as to achieve the implementation of quantum technologies [22][23][24].Polariton systems have been shown to reveal a large variety of effects with the formation of stable vortices [20,25] and half vortices [26,27] as well as the formation of single vortex-antivortex (V-AV) pairs [17,18,28], and spin-vortices [29]. The formation of lattices of vortices and of V-AV pairs has been theoretically predicted for cavity-polaritons [30][31][32] and observed in the case of patterns induced by metallic depo-

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confidence: 88%

Injection of Orbital Angular Momentum and Storage of Quantized Vortices in Polariton Superfluids

et al. 2016

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“…However, also in this configuration, the polariton density and the propagation distance of the quantum fluid are limited by the polariton lifetime [6]. Thereafter, cw resonant and non-resonant pumping have been used to generate stationary vortices with in-plane engineering of the potential landscapes or even in Optical Parametric Oscillation configuration [7][8][9][10]. However, all these cw configurations inhibit vortices free propagationthe vortices core is spatially pinned by the excitation intensity shapeand impose strong constraints on their free interaction.…”

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Vortex-stream generation and enhanced propagation in a polariton superfluid

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et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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In this work, we implement a new experimental configuration which exploits the specific properties of the optical bistability exhibited by the polariton system and we demonstrate the generation of a superfluid turbulent flow in the wake of a potential barrier. The propagation and direction of the turbulent flow are sustained by a support beam on distances an order of magnitude longer than previously reported. This novel technique is a powerful tool for the controlled generation and propagation of quantum turbulences and paves the way to the study of the hydrodynamic of quantum turbulence in driven-dissipative 2D polariton systems.

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“…Stationary phase defects exist in low-density regions where the phase is not fixed because most particles are not injected by the laser but diffuse from higher-density regions. The control of the spatial distribution of intensity and phase allows to realize various confining potential for density-phase defects, such as 1D channels, 0D traps [24], or circuits made by the combination of both.…”

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“…A crucial difference here is the 2D character of the system which allows instabilities to grow along y. In fact, modern optical techniques allow creating any shape of confining potential such as various 0D traps [24], or possibly lattices, connecting 0D islands with 1D channels. The geometry we address now is a maze of 1D channels [ Fig.…”

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Stationary Quantum Vortex Street in a Driven-Dissipative Quantum Fluid of Light

et al. 2019

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We investigate the formation of a new class of density-phase defects in a resonantly driven 2D quantum fluid of light. The system bistability allows the formation of low density regions containing density-phase singularities confined between high density regions. We show that in 1D channels, an odd (1-3) or even (2-4) number of dark solitons form parallel to the channel axis in order to accommodate the phase constraint induced by the pumps in the barriers. These soliton molecules are typically unstable and evolve toward stationary symmetric or anti-symmetric arrays of vortex streets straightforwardly observable in cw experiments. The flexibility of this photonic platform allows implementing more complicated potentials such as maze-like channels, with the vortex streets connecting the entrances and thus solving the maze.

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Interaction-shaped vortex-antivortex lattices in polariton fluids

Cited by 37 publications

References 51 publications

Injection of Orbital Angular Momentum and Storage of Quantized Vortices in Polariton Superfluids

Injection of Orbital Angular Momentum and Storage of Quantized Vortices in Polariton Superfluids

Vortex-stream generation and enhanced propagation in a polariton superfluid

Stationary Quantum Vortex Street in a Driven-Dissipative Quantum Fluid of Light

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