Interaction Study of Anti‐E. coli Immobilization on 1DZnO at Nanoscale for Optical Biosensing Application

Abstract

Developing low‐cost biosensing platforms for robust detection response and sensitivity at low concentrations is of great interest. This work reports synthesizing 1D ZnO nanostructured materials (1DZnO) with controllable properties utilizing a metal catalyst‐assisted vapor phase growth technique (VLS). The obtained materials are functionalized with (3‐aminopropyl) trimetoxysilane (APTMS) and immobilized with anti‐Escherichia coli enteropathogenic (EPEC) antibodies. Characterization results show changes in the optical and structural properties of 1DZnO that are correlated with the biofunctionalization methodologies. Further, the biofunctionalization process is assessed on 1DZnO surface platforms to obtain acceptable antibody immobilization efficiencies (52%, 96%, and 100%) using a low‐concentration antibody solution (30 µg ml−1). Special techniques such as focused ion beam micromachining and scanning tunneling electron microscopy are proposed to appreciate the semiconductor biofunctionalization layer around 1DZnO and explain the physics of the interaction process. It is found that morphology obtained from distinct synthesis methods, solvents, and functionalization agents can generate functional groups for biomolecule attachment. Remarkably, it is demonstrated that biofunctionalization on 1DZnO takes place all over a single nanostructure. This work presents a proof‐of‐concept focused on generating pathogen sensing platforms using 1DznO semiconducting materials, providing new insights into bio‐analytes interaction with structures at the nanoscale.

Controlling Green-to-Blue Luminescence in Multidimensional ZnO Interfaces: Mechanistic Insights

“…This distinguishes it from widely utilized optoelectronic compounds like GaAs or GaN. − Furthermore, one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) ZnO nanostructured coatings have attracted attention as promising materials for various applications in electronics, photonics, and energy conversion. 1DZnO nanostructures, such as nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs), exhibit high aspect ratios, intense light scattering effect, high transmittance in the visible range, and strong UV absorption, which make them promising candidates for various applications such as nanoelectronics, gas sensing, biosensors, energy conversion, biomedicine, and field-emission devices. − On the other hand, 2DZnO nanostructures, such as thin films, nanosheets, and nanowalls, likewise offer large surface-to-volume ratios and distinctive electronic properties, such as enhanced charge transfer and carrier mobility. These features make them suitable for various applications, such as transparent conductive electrodes and solar cells. , …”

Anticipating Challenges in Optical Nanobiosensors for Global Detection of Respiratory Viruses and Emerging Threats

“…72 Interaction with pathogens induces shifts in photoluminescent emission, enabling real-time, labelfree detection. 70 This reversibility ensures platform sustainability and the green-to-blue transition adds versatility for further multiplexed configurations.…”

“…This is the enormous challenge of achieving high efficiencies that can be accomplished by improving available or emergent materials (lowcost composites or unexplored nanoplatforms) and examining their nanoscale interaction with biomolecules. For example, using versatile, practical, and low-cost semiconductor materials such as ZnO 68 offers diverse exploitable fabrication properties for electrochemical 69 or optical biosensors, 70 as reviewed in our previous works. 71 In addition, the reversible tuning of ZnO nanowires' photoluminescence from green to blue offers properties like high surface-to-volume ratio and sensitivity to environmental changes for the improvement of optical biosensing platforms, as demonstrated by Galdamez et al, which could be aimed at detecting airborne diseases.…”