“…Incidental negotiations in response to communication gaps caused by lexical and syntactical confusions stimulate learners to initiate reciprocal meaning-making in synchronous communication, which directs their attention to interlanguage grammaticality. Compared to F2F discussions, oral computer-mediated communications (OCMC, i.e., digital communication in form of audio-based, video-based chat) is designated as a more effective preparatory modality in respect of lexical range, pronunciation and communicative units [21][22][23]. As far as the morphosyntactic negotiations, results vary from comparative studies to those who were exclusively on AudCMC.…”