Interactions among synthesis, rheology, and atomization of a gelled propellant

Padwal, Manisha B.; Mishra, D.P.

doi:10.1007/s00397-015-0903-6

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…6 Due to the disintegration of the sample, the gelled sample could not be held for a shear rate greater than 10 2 s −1 in the current measuring system. 26 Numerous tests were conducted with multiple gel fuel samples of same gellant concentration to conduct repeatability of the tests. During storage, gel fuels generally behave as viscoelastic solids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trend in variation of apparent viscosity (η app ) with shear rate is similar to that reported for earlier investigative work. 26 For all the rheological tests, 6 repeatability tests were conducted for the prepared gel samples, and the average η app of the gel with varying shear rates were plotted for the shear flow study. Experimental uncertainty in measuring η app of the gel during shear flow study was found to be within ± 0.51%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors concluded that gels perform inferiorly to liquid fuels, and this can be improved by selecting appropriate gellants, obtaining better atomizers, and optimising the combustor geometry. Padwal and Mishra 25,26 conducted separate studies to investigate the various characterization such as structural stability on storage and fluidity during its injection of gelled and ungelled Jet-A1 fuel. The authors reported that increasing the gellant concentration and processing temperature (T P ) improved structural stability by reducing phase separation but decreased atomization quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Pandian

Das

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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The present study aims to experimentally analyse the influence of crossflow aerodynamic parameters on the spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel. A Jet-A1 gel fuel is prepared by combining 85 percentage by weight (wt. %) of Jet-A1 liquid as base fuel with an organo-gel solution having Thixatrol ST (7.5 wt. %) as gelling agent and Rectified xylene (7.5 wt. %) as solvent. Shear flow test is performed on the gel fuel using a rotational rheometer, to understand its non-Newtonian rheological properties. An internally impinging air blast atomizer is used to study the gel spray characteristics by injecting the gel fuel transversely into the subsonic cross flowing airstream environment. Gel spray images are captured by generating a laser sheet along the midplane of the test section across the crossflow air stream direction using the Laser Sheet Photography (LSP) technique. The captured gel spray images are used to visualize the gel spray structure in both spray axis as well as the crossflow air stream direction. These images are then investigated by developing an algorithm in MATLAB using an image processing tool. By incorporating the canny edge detection method into the MATLAB code, gel spray characteristics such as droplet size distribution, Sauter-mean-diameter, Arithmetic-mean-diameter, windward trajectories, and maximum penetration height are determined. Further, the effect of aerodynamic parameters such as crossflow Reynolds’ number and aerodynamic Weber number on the gel spray characteristics are investigated. Droplet size distribution and maximum penetration height of gelled Jet-A1 spray revealed its dependence on crossflow Reynolds’ number. Sauter-Mean-Diameter of gel droplets and windward trajectories of the gel spray decreases significantly as the aerodynamic Weber number increases. Thus, it can be concluded that the fineness of the spray is also a function of the crossflow aerodynamic parameters other than the atomizer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Pandian

Das

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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“…Viscoelasticity increases the mean drop diameter and broadens the size distribution. Liquids with atypical properties, such as gels, liquid metal, and strain-thickening liquids, are also studied widely [139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147].…”

Section: Complex Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakup Morphology and Mechanisms of Liquid Atomization

Zhao¹,

Liu²

2020

Environmental Impact of Aviation and Sustainable Solutions

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Fuel atomization, the transformation of bulk liquid into sprays, is of importance in jet engines. In this chapter, we will introduce the latest research advances on breakup morphology and mechanism of liquid atomization. On primary atomization, based on the morphological difference, the twin-fluid atomization could be classified into different regimes. The influence of Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor instability on breakup morphology and fragment size is great and nonmonotonic. On secondary atomization, Rayleigh-Taylor instability is considered as the main driving mechanism in different bag-breakup modes; for higher Weber number, it will be in concurrence with the shear instability. Based on ligamentmediated spray formation model, ligament breakup is found to be well represented by the gamma distributions. Atomization of complex fluids has special characteristics and mechanisms. There are also a lot of research advances recently in this field.

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“…Among those synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, JP-10 (C 10 H 16 , exo-tetrahydrodicyclopenta-diene), one of the latest high-energy density hydrocarbon fuels, has been widely investigated in the preparation of gel propellants in recent years due to the merits of high volumetric combustion value, handling safety and low production cost. In practical application, the rheological properties of a gel propellant have been certain requirement: shear thinning behavior, a critical strain and thixotropy, which can prevent the flow and leak-age during storage and facilitate itself flow into the combustion chamber [2]. Thus, the properties of gelators also have an important influence on the performance of gel propellants system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Metalized JP-10 Gel Propellants with Excellent Thixotropic Performance

Chen

Guan

et al. 2017

Prop., Explos., Pyrotech.

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The preparation and characterization of a series of D‐gluconic acetal supramolecular organic gelators (Gn) which can form gel with high‐energy density hydrocarbon fuel JP‐10 are reported. Rheological measurements show G8 gel exhibits strong mechanical strength at a concentration of 2 wt %, while G18 gel has a remarkable yield stress. What's more, JP‐10 gels show thixotropy with high viscosity, especially for the G8‐based gel, which has an instantaneous recovery ratio. The CGC (critical gelator concentration) of G8 is less than 0.1 wt %, known as a super gelator. More interestingly, G18 can gel JP‐10 at room temperature, which is the first example of room temperature gel propellant formed by a supramolecular gelator. Nano accelerants (Al, B) are dispersed into the gel propellant system, which can be stable for months. The presence of 50 nm Al powder in G8‐based gel can significantly increase its mechanical strength, yield stress and viscosity, as well as thixotropy.

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Interactions among synthesis, rheology, and atomization of a gelled propellant

Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Experimental investigation of crossflow air effect on spray characteristics of gelled Jet-A1 fuel using an internally impinging air-blast atomizer

Breakup Morphology and Mechanisms of Liquid Atomization

Preparation and Characterization of Metalized JP-10 Gel Propellants with Excellent Thixotropic Performance

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