Interactions among the gypsy transposable element and the yellow and the suppressor of hairy-wing loci in Drosophila melanogaster.

Parkhurst, Susan M.; Corcés, Victor G.

doi:10.1128/mcb.6.1.47

Cited by 98 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Like most of the other examples, the present data indicate a decrease in activity (see e.g. Bingham & Zachar, 1989;Gibson et al, 1992), but there are also some instances where promoter activity is apparently enhanced (Laurie et al, 1992;Mathew et a!., 1992) or changed in its tissue specificity (Parkhurst & Corces, 1986). While promoter polymorphisms involving single base changes have also been implicated in altered expression levels (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Causes and consequences of esterase 6 enzyme activity variation in pre-adult Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 1994

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We report heritable threefold differences in both larval and pupal esterase 6 activity among 17 isoallelic lines of D. melanogasrer extracted from a natural population. The activity differences in the two stages are only weakly correlated with each other or with previously determined values for esterase 6 activity in adults of these lines. The pre-adult activity variation is also unrelated to polymorphisms among the lines for six esterase 6 allozymes and six restriction sites in a region encompassing the esterase 6 coding DNA and the first kbp of 5' flanking DNA. However, two insertions, of 8.0 and 6.8 kbp, located about 1.4 kbp 5' of the esterase 6 coding region are associated with low activity in larvae and, to a lesser extent, in pupae, albeit not in adults. Restriction mapping reveals similarity between the 8.0 kbp insert and the 7.4 kbp retrotransposon 17.6. The differences in larval activity among lines are positively correlated with fitness as assessed from assays of pre-adult viability and development time but no significant associations between pupal esterase 6 activity and these measures are detected. Some effects of esterase 6 allozyme differences are also found for viability and development time but these effects could be explained by linkage disequilibrium between the 8.0 kbp insert and the EST6-9 allozyme.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Causes and consequences of esterase 6 enzyme activity variation in pre-adult Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 1994

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“…Bound Su(Hw), in combination with other proteins, blocks the interactions of distal enhancers with target promoters and constitutes the gypsy insulator. Except for the spontaneous y 2 mutant, which contains a full-length gypsy element insertion (Geyer et al 1986;Parkhurst and Corces 1986), and y ÿ300gin (see below), all insulator mutants used were constructed by Geyer and Corces (1992). These authors constructed P-element vectors containing 12 Su(Hw)-binding sites inserted at different sites within a y transgene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acis-regulatory Sequence Within theyellowLocus ofDrosophila melanogasterRequired for Normal Male Mating Success

et al. 2006

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Drosophila melanogaster males perform a courtship ritual consisting of a series of dependent fixed-action patterns. The yellow (y) gene is required for normal male courtship behavior and subsequent mating success. To better characterize the requirement for y in the manifestation of innate male sexual behavior, we measured the male mating success (MMS) of 12 hypomorphic y mutants and matched-outbred-background controls using a y 1 rescue element on a freely segregating minichromosome. We found that 4 hypomorphs significantly reduced MMS to varying degrees. Reduced MMS was largely independent of adult pigmentation patterns. These mutations defined a 300-bp regulatory region upstream of the transcription start, the mating-success regulatory sequence (MRS), whose function is required for normal MMS. Visualization of gene action via GFP and a Yellow antibody suggests that the MRS directs y transcription in a small number of cells in the third instar CNS, the developmental stage previously implicated in the role of y with regard to male courtship behavior. The presence of Yellow protein in these cells positively correlates with MMS in a subset of mutants. The MRS contains a regulatory sequence controlling larval pigmentation and a 35-bp sequence that is highly conserved within the genus Drosophila and is predicted to bind known transcription factors. R EPRODUCTION usually involves heterosexual courtship behavior that is central to the divergence and diversity of animal species and is of obvious adaptive significance. In many species the basic program of courtship behavior is innate. These inborn, instinctual behaviors are likely to be a result of gene action during development that establishes the potential for behavior and motivates the animal to perform the behavior, given the appropriate external stimulation (Baker et al. 2001). It can be hypothesized that there are genes required for building into the central nervous system (CNS) the ability to process information specific to a behavior and the specific neural output pathway for signaling the performance of that behavior (Baker et al. 2001).Individual fruit flies of Drosophila melanogaster routinely perform innate behaviors. One such behavior that is well-characterized is the courtship ritual performed by males for females prior to heterosexual copulation. The male ritual is in essence a series of dependent fixed-action patterns: tapping, following, orienting, horizontal wing extending, wing vibrating (''singing''), genital licking, and attempted copulation (Bastock and Manning 1955;Bastock 1967;Hall et al. 1982;Hall 1994a;Yamamoto et al. 1997;Greenspan and Ferveur 2000). Typically, these behaviors must be performed in the correct sequence with some repetition over a modest period of time (2-10 min) to significantly stimulate a female to be receptive to copulation. Such a stereotypic courtship sequence is common to many animals (e.g., Darwin 1874;Bastock 1956;Morris 1970;Walters 1988;Bradbury and Vehrencamp 1998;Carew 2000;Judson 2002).Many genes whose fu...

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“…This element is transcribed in a temporal specific fashion, giving rise to a major 6.5 kilobase RNA which accumulates at highest levels in 2-to 3-day-old pupae (11). We recently proposed (11,12) that the mutational activity of the gypsy element on suppressible genes is a direct consequence of the transcriptional properties of this element. The mutagenic effect of the transposable element on these loci is due to transcriptional interference on the genes located nearby.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element encodes putative gene products homologous to retroviral proteins.

Marlor¹,

Parkhurst²,

Corcés³

1986

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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230

175

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We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gypsy element present at the forked locus of Drosophila melanogaster in thef allele. The gypsy element shares more homology with vertebrate retroviruses than with the copia element of D. melanogaster or the Ty element of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, both in overall organization and at the DNA sequence level. This transposable element is 7,469 base pairs long and encodes three putative protein products. The long terminal repeats are 482 nucleotides long and contain transcription initiation and termination signals; sequences homologous to the polypurine tract and tRNA primer binding site of retroviruses are located adjacent to the long terminal repeats. The central region of the element contains three different open reading frames. The second one encodes a putative protein which shows extensive amino acid homology to retroviral proteins, indluding gag-specific protease, reverse transcriptase, and DNA endonuclease.The Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element is associated with spontaneous mutations whose phenotype can be reversed by mutations at unlinked suppressor loci (9). This element is transcribed in a temporal specific fashion, giving rise to a major 6.5 kilobase RNA which accumulates at highest levels in 2-to 3-day-old pupae (11). We recently proposed (11, 12) that the mutational activity of the gypsy element on suppressible genes is a direct consequence of the transcriptional properties of this element. The mutagenic effect of the transposable element on these loci is due to transcriptional interference on the genes located nearby.To understand the molecular basis of this phenomenon, we investigated the DNA structure, of the gypsy element.Gypsy i5 a member of a class of structurally similar transposable elements which contain long terminal repeats (LTRs) (1, 5, 9). Other members of this family are the copia-like elements ofD. melanogaster (14), the Ty elements of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (13), and vertebrate retrovirus proviruses (20). In addition to the conservation in the organization of the different transcription signals between the LTRs of retroviruses and copialike elements, the latter ones also contain nucleotide sequences homologous to the tRNA primer binding site and purine-rich sequences, both necessary for the initiation of DNA synthesis in a retrovirus system (6, 16, 22). The organization of the protein-coding regions of these different elements nevertheless varies. A typical vertebrate retrovirus consists of three genes, termed gag, pol, and env, required for viral infection and replication (see reference 20 for a review). The gag region encodes a polyprotein which is cleaved giving rise to several small proteins found in the core of the virus particle (3) and whose exact function is not yet understood. The pol gene is expressed as a gag-pol polyprotein which is the precursor of the mature form of reverse transcriptase. The N-terminal region of this protein product contains the DNA polymerase and RNase H activities of reverse transcnp...

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Interactions among the gypsy transposable element and the yellow and the suppressor of hairy-wing loci in Drosophila melanogaster.

Cited by 98 publications

References 18 publications

Causes and consequences of esterase 6 enzyme activity variation in pre-adult Drosophila melanogaster

Causes and consequences of esterase 6 enzyme activity variation in pre-adult Drosophila melanogaster

Acis-regulatory Sequence Within theyellowLocus ofDrosophila melanogasterRequired for Normal Male Mating Success

The Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element encodes putative gene products homologous to retroviral proteins.

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