Interactions and structural properties of zein/ferulic acid: The effect of calcium chloride

Wang, Qiming; Tang, Yuwan; Yang, Yaxuan; Lei, Lin; Lei, Xiaojuan; Zhao, Jing; Zhang, Yuhao; Lin, Lijin; Wang, Qiang; Ming, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131489

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The maximum emission wavelength of zein was blue-shifted after EA was added, corresponding to a more hydrophobic microenvironment of Tyr [ 43 ]. Moreover, it was also observed that the same shift in the maximum emission wavelength of zein came about after an interaction with ferulic acid, suggesting a similar change in the microenvironment around Tyr [ 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explore the Interaction between Ellagic Acid and Zein Using Multi-Spectroscopy Analysis and Molecular Docking

Zhao

Deng

Yan

et al. 2022

Foods

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With the increasing interest in value-added maize products, the interaction of zein with bioactive molecules to become more nutritional and beneficial to human health has gained a lot of attention. To broaden the application of ellagic acid (EA) in maize flour products, we investigated the interaction between zein and EA. The fluorescence quenching type of zein interacting with EA was mainly static quenching through hydrophobic interaction, as demonstrated by quenching behavior modeling, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of zein–EA complexes. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that EA reduced the polarity of zein around tyrosine residues, which were exposed to a more hydrophobic microenvironment. Meanwhile, circular dichroism suggested that EA noticeably changed the secondary structure of zein, which was mainly reflected in the increase of α-helix and β-sheet content and the decrease of random coil content. Finally, the molecular docking simulation found that zein could have five active sites binding to EA and there was hydrogen bond interaction besides hydrophobic interaction. The findings of this study provided a basis for a theory for the interaction mechanism between zein and EA, which could be essential for developing value-added plant-derived protein products using EA as a functional component.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explore the Interaction between Ellagic Acid and Zein Using Multi-Spectroscopy Analysis and Molecular Docking

Zhao

Deng

Yan

et al. 2022

Foods

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“…Lipase can prompt the hydrolysis of the methyl ester bonds of pectin in the aqueous phase, while catalyzing the esterification reaction between the 2–OH in Ga/Et and MG/EG or the ‐OH in the para position in Fa/ trans‐ Fa and the –COOH group of pectin in the organic phase (Huang et al, 2021). First, the functional group, such as the ester group (from MG/EG) and the feruloyl group (from Fa and trans ‐Fa), attaches onto the pectin molecules and may interact with the oil phase and prompt the adsorption of the modified pectin onto the water/oil surface, thus reducing the size distribution in a colloidal system and enhancing the emulsion stability (Chen et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2022). Additionally, introducing a phenolic hydroxyl or carboxylic group from MG, EG, trans ‐Fa, and Fa onto a modified pectin would induce a physical cross‐link, due to hydrophobic interactions within the phenolic side chains, and even increase the possibility of covalent cross‐linking with various modified pectin macromolecular chains through the generation of phenolic acid dimmers or trimers, thereby increasing the viscosity of a modified pectin (Xie et al., 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferulic acid‐ and gallic ester‐acylated pectin: Preparation and characterization

Chen

Wang

Hong

2022

Journal of Food Science

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In this study, pectin was modified with ferulic acid (Fa), trans-ferulic acid (trans-Fa), methyl gallate (MG), and ethyl gallate (EG) via the enzymatic method using aqueous/organic phases to enhance its physiochemical and bio-active properties. Results revealed that lipase might catalyze the hydrolysis of the ester bond within pectin in aqueous phase and prompt the transesterification between the hydroxyl group in the para position in Fa/trans-Fa or the 2′-OH group of MG/EG and the carboxylic group of pectin in the organic phase.The graft ratio was 21.00%, 21.67%, 13.24%, and 11.93% for the Fa-, trans-Fa-, MG-, and EG-modified pectin, respectively. In addition, compared with native pectin, the modified pectin exhibited improved apparent viscosity and emulsion activity. Moreover, the clearance of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) was effectively enhanced for the modified pectin. Furthermore, the modified pectin exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus while no cytotoxic effects based on the results of cell culture experiments. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the expansion of pectin applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

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“…Zein is made up of more than 50% of non-polar amino acids (such as leucine, proline, and alanine) [ 47 ]. zein has hydrophobicity and the specific isoelectric point relative to those of amphoteric electrolytes.…”

Section: Storage Stability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic acid functionalized zein for improving plant stress resistance and as a nanopesticide carrier with enhanced anti-photolysis ability

Yan

Chen

et al. 2023

J Nanobiotechnol

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Background There is a serious global problem of salinization of arable land, causing large reduction in world food production. Use of plant hormones is an effective way to reduce damage caused to crops and salt stress. Results In this study, PEI-EDA was modified with AM-zein and grafted with plant hormone SA (AM-zein-SA) and used as a nano-pesticide carrier to load emamectin benzoate (EB). The use of AM-zein-SA as a nano-pesticide carrier could reduce the damage caused by salt stress to crops. The structure of AM-zein-SA was characterized by FTIR, UV, fluorescence, Raman, and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. AM-zein-SA could effectively improve the resistance of EB to ultraviolet radiations, resistance of cucumber to salt stress, and the absorption of EB by plants. The experimental results showed that AM-zein-SA could effectively improve the anti-UV property of EB by 0.88 fold. When treated with 120 mmol NaCl, the germination rate of cucumber seeds under salt stress increased by 0.93 fold in presence of 6.25 mg/L carrier concentration. The POD and SOD activities increased by 0.50 and 1.21 fold, whereas the content of MDA decreased by 0.23 fold. In conclusion, AM-zein-SA nano-pesticide carrier could be used to improve the salt resistance of crops and the adhesion of pesticides to leaves. Conclusion AM-zein-SA, without undergoing any changes in its insecticidal activity, could simultaneously improve the salt stress resistance and salt stress germination rate of cucumber, reduce growth inhibition due to stress under high-concentration salt, and had a good effect on crops. In addition, EB@AM-zein-SA obviously improved the upward transmission rate of EB, as compared with EB. In this study, SA was grafted onto zein-based nano-pesticide carrier, which provided a green strategy to control plant diseases, insects, and pests while reducing salt stress on crops in saline-alkali soil. Graphical Abstract

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Interactions and structural properties of zein/ferulic acid: The effect of calcium chloride

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Explore the Interaction between Ellagic Acid and Zein Using Multi-Spectroscopy Analysis and Molecular Docking

Explore the Interaction between Ellagic Acid and Zein Using Multi-Spectroscopy Analysis and Molecular Docking

Ferulic acid‐ and gallic ester‐acylated pectin: Preparation and characterization

Salicylic acid functionalized zein for improving plant stress resistance and as a nanopesticide carrier with enhanced anti-photolysis ability

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