Interactions Between a Marine Heatwave and Tropical Cyclone Amphan in the Bay of Bengal in 2020

Goyal, Rishav; Jangir, Babita; Ummenhofer, Caroline C.; Feng, Ming; Mishra, Mayank

doi:10.3389/fclim.2022.861477

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We used high‐resolution, daily SST data from the NOAA SST V2 (Reynolds et al., 2007) and the OSTIA SST analysis (https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/SST_GLO_SST_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_010_001/description) with 0.25° spatial resolution from 1981 to 2020. Ocean Temperature and salinity profile data were obtained from the Copernicus Marine Service, which provides two products: GLOBAL_REANALYSIS_PHY_001_031 (“Reanalysis”) and GLOBAL_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_CPL_001_015 (“Analysis”) (Lea et al., 2015; Rathore et al., 2022). The ensemble means of four products, GLORYS2V4, ORAS5, GloSea5, and C‐GLORS05, constitute the Reanalysis product.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mesoscale Eddies on the Intensity of Cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea

2023

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The Mediterranean Sea is a relatively small basin with complex, unique topography and has long been considered a hot spot for cyclones. This sea is also characterized by intense mesoscale eddy activity. Although eddies are known to play important roles in cyclones in other regions, their effects on Mediterranean cyclones have not received much research attention. Here, we analyzed how warm‐core eddies (WCEs) and cold‐core eddies (CCEs) interact with Mediterranean cyclones. We considered eight Mediterranean cyclones: four that passed over WCEs and four that passed over CCEs. In general, we observed sudden drops in Mean Sea level (MSL) pressure and increased wind speeds over the WCEs and increased MSL pressure and decreased wind speeds above the CCEs. The temperature of the mixed layer decreased after a cyclone passed over an eddy, but this occurred to a lesser extent for CCEs. In contrast, mixed‐layer salinity decreased in the case of WCEs and increased in the case of CCEs. Larger amounts of precipitation were observed over WCEs, as compared to CCEs. The amount of precipitation associated with a WCE seemed to depend on the area and intensity of the eddy; larger, more intense eddies were associated with larger amounts of precipitation. Also, higher latent and sensible heat fluxes were observed over WCEs, as compared to CCEs, which could be responsible for the sudden increases in cyclone intensity. Interestingly, only one persistent WCE was found in the winter; whereas no persistent CCEs were found in the summer, calling for further case‐by‐case detailed investigation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mesoscale Eddies on the Intensity of Cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea

2023

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“…The climate parameters used in this study were selected based on past literature (Rathore et al, 2022;Sen Gupta et al, 2020) and comprised wind speed (WS), mean sea level pressure (MSLP), mixed layer depth (MLD), latent heat flux (LHF), sensible heat flux (SHF), longwave (LWR) and shortwave radiations (SWR). Daily MLD has been obtained from the Global Ocean Ensemble Physics Reanalysis of Copernicus marine service (https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00024), which is available from 1993 to 2020.…”

Section: Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing literature on MHWs documents the rising trend of MHWs events, its ecological impacts, what causes, generates and maintains the MHWs, and its teleconnections to the large-scale drivers. A detailed investigation of potential drivers of MHWs can be explored (Holbrook et al, 2019;Schlegel, Oliver, & Chen, 2021;Sen Gupta et al, 2020), future projection using the CMIP5 model (Oliver et al, 2019), CMIP6 model (Plecha & Soares, 2020), biological and ecosystem impacts (Smale et al, 2019) and interaction with tropical cyclones (Rathore et al, 2022). Previous literature suggests that MHWs have been heavily intensified around the globe along with long-lasting duration, which shows deteriorating impacts on the ecosystem ranging from hundreds of kilometres (Cavole et al, 2016;Pearce & Feng, 2013;Smale et al, 2019;Smith et al, 2023;Wernberg et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative changes in seasonal marine heatwaves and cold spells over the Tropical Indian Ocean during recent decades and disentangling the drivers of highly intense events

Dinesh,

Mishra,

Dubey

et al. 2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The unprecedented increase in the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the warming climate yield stress to the system and pose severe threats to the marine ecosystem. Marine Heatwaves (MHWs) and Marine Cold Spells (MCSs) are two extreme events related to SST variability. For better management of ocean productivity, marine ecosystem, marine services, and fisheries, the understanding of seasonal discrepancies rather than annual documentation of MHWs and MCSs metrics is more utilitarian. This study documents the decadal changes in the MHWs and MCSs over the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) for all seasons. Additionally, highly intense events (based on intensity and duration) are identified and demonstrate the associated drivers. During the past two decades (1982–1990, 1991–2000), the MCSs were more frequent than MHWs in every season. However, in the recent two decades (2001–2010, 2011–2020), TIO become more prone to MHWs with considerably more frequent and prolonged events in JJAS months. Moreover, MCSs are disappearing from the TIO. It was noted that the choice of baseline period has an impact on the magnitude of MHWs and MCSs changes, but the spatial pattern (regions with high/low magnitude MHWs and MCSs) stays fairly constant in all baseline period sensitivity checks. The investigation of highly intense events reveals that MHWs and MCSs are produced and sustained by the same drivers when they are at their opposing edges. In general, the coherence effort from winds, net heat fluxes (shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux), mixed level depth, and mean sea level pressure contribute to the genesis of seasonal MHWs or MCSs events. Additionally, in some cases, a single driver (e.g., wind) may also play a crucial role in these extreme events. The remote climate modes of variability, such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation, also contribute significantly to the MHWs and MCSs. El Niño (La Niña) events not only increase the spatial coverage of MHWs (MCSs) but also increases the intensity.

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“…They have also provided insights on several multiscale mechanisms of MHW. Rathore et al (2022) reported the formation of an MHW event over BoB with an SST anomaly of >2.5°C and its impact on the rapid intensification of the TC Amphan at the time. Prior studies already confirmed a consistent warming of the Indian Ocean, primarily caused due to advection and ocean Rossby waves (Rao et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Anomalous Ocean Warming on the Intensification of Pre‐Monsoon Tropical Cyclones Over the Northern Bay of Bengal

Ray,

Das,

Sil

2024

JGR Oceans

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The northern Indian Ocean, typically the Bay of Bengal (BoB), has experienced several stronger tropical cyclones during the pre‐monsoon season in the last few years. Similarly, in 2021, cyclone Yaas reached the Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) stage despite forming above 14°N. In comparison to the other three cyclones that formed in 2007 (Akash), 2009 (Aila), and 2017 (Mora) with a similar cyclogenesis location and track, the pre‐cyclonic condition in 2021 is more favorable. It was found that from 2007 to 2021, the area associated with Sea Surface Temperature greater than 31°C increased from 0.1 percent to 29 percent. The Research Moored Array for African‐Asian‐Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction buoy at 15°N also recorded an increasing trend of 0.1°C per year in both average and maximum temperatures during May. The warming in 2021 is primarily linked with Marine Heat Wave events, which extensively cover the north BoB for a longer duration starting from the first week of May. Such warming extends even to the subsurface, providing the heat required to convert the depression into VSCS within 2 days. The weaker western boundary current during 2021 made the northern BoB fresher and favorable for cyclone, intensification. The associated anticyclonic eddy along the track extended the abnormal distribution of low saline water even up to the subsurface (∼100m), which is vital in increasing the ocean heat content. These simultaneous pre‐cyclonic oceanic conditions can be incorporated into the weather model to understand and predict the rapid intensification within a shorter duration.

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Interactions Between a Marine Heatwave and Tropical Cyclone Amphan in the Bay of Bengal in 2020

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of Mesoscale Eddies on the Intensity of Cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea

Effects of Mesoscale Eddies on the Intensity of Cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea

Comparative changes in seasonal marine heatwaves and cold spells over the Tropical Indian Ocean during recent decades and disentangling the drivers of highly intense events

Role of Anomalous Ocean Warming on the Intensification of Pre‐Monsoon Tropical Cyclones Over the Northern Bay of Bengal

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