Interactions between an ectoparasitoid and a nucleopolyhedrovirus when simultaneously attacking <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Stoianova, E.; Williams, Trevor; Cisneros, Juan; Muñoz, Delia; Murillo, Rosa; Tasheva, Elena; Caballero, Primitivo

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2011.01691.x

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a globally‐distributed polyphagous insect herbivore that is a pest of many crops . Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ('NPV' hereafter) is an important biocontrol agent of beet armyworm, and is able to cause epizootics in populations of this herbivore . In an earlier study, we measured the effects of 14 species of host plants on the susceptibility of beet armyworm to NPV, and found high susceptibility of caterpillars raised on a diet of soybeans ( Glycine max ), intermediate susceptibility of those fed collards ( Brassica oleracea ) and low susceptibility of those fed water convolvuluses ( Ipomoea aquatica ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31][32][33] Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ('NPV' hereafter) is an important biocontrol agent of beet armyworm, and is able to cause epizootics in populations of this herbivore. [34][35][36] In an earlier study, we measured the effects of 14 species of host plants on the susceptibility of beet armyworm to NPV, and found high susceptibility of caterpillars raised on a diet of soybeans (Glycine max), intermediate susceptibility of those fed collards (Brassica oleracea) and low susceptibility of those fed water convolvuluses (Ipomoea aquatica). 37 In the current study, we used these three plants together with an artificial diet to examine the mechanisms underlying viral effects on the immune response of beet armyworm to NPV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

Wang

Zhang

Siemann

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Interactions between herbivorous insects and entomoviruses may depend on host plant, perhaps mediated through changes in herbivore innate immunity. RESULTS Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) fed Glycine max had high viral loads and low melanization rates together with low melanization enzyme [PO, DDC, TH] activities and gene expressions. Caterpillars fed Ipomoea aquatica had low viral loads and high melanization, gene activities and gene expressions while those fed Brassica oleracea or artificial diet had intermediate levels of each. Melanization rates were negatively correlated with viral loads and positively correlated with activity and expression of each of the three enzymes. Some diet effects on enzymes were constitutive because the same diets led to low (G. max) or high (I. aquatica) melanization related gene activities and expressions without infection. CONCLUSION Diet influences the interactions between insect herbivores and viruses by shaping the innate immune response both at the onset of infection and afterwards as viral loads accumulate over a period of days. In addition, diets that lead to low viral loads are associated with high activities and gene expressions of a variety of melanization related enzymes suggesting a common causative mechanism. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

Wang

Zhang

Siemann

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

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“…Nevertheless, host–parasitoid–pathogen interactions have received little attention and most of these studies have investigated the effect of baculovirus and microsporidium infections in Lepidoptera (Brooks, ). Simultaneous infection with a pathogen and parasitism can have severe fitness consequences for the parasitoid often caused by premature death of the host (Vinson & Iwantsch, ; Brooks, ; Stoianova et al., ). Considering that both parasitoids and baculoviruses are used as biological control agents of pest insects, the combined use may reduce the efficiency of biological control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varying degree of physiological integration among host instars and their endoparasitoid affects stress‐induced mortality

Gols

Ros

Ode

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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In natural populations of insect herbivores, genetic differentiation is likely to occur due to variation in host plant utilization and selection by the local community of organisms with which they interact. In parasitoids, engaging in intimate associations with their host during immature development, local variation may exist in host quality for parasitoid development. We compared the development of a gregarious endoparasitoid, Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), collected in The Netherlands, in three strains and three caterpillar instars (L1–L3) of its main host, Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Hosts had been collected in The Netherlands and France, and were reared in the laboratory for one generation. We also used an established Dutch laboratory strain that had not been exposed to parasitoids for at least 24 generations. Parasitoid survival to adulthood was inversely correlated with host instar at parasitism. Adult parasitoid body mass was largest when hosts were parasitized as L1 and smallest when hosts were parasitized as L3, whereas egg‐to‐adult development time was quickest on L3 hosts and slowest on L1 hosts. Higher survival and faster development of C. glomerata on French L2 hosts also showed that there is variation in host‐instar‐related suitability. Many L2 and most L3 caterpillars that were parasitized exhibited signs of pathogen infection and perished within a few days of parasitism, whereas this never happened when hosts were parasitized as L1 or in non‐parasitized control caterpillars. Our results reveal that, irrespective of the host strain, L1 hosts are optimally synchronized with C. glomerata development. By contrast, the high precocious mortality of L3 larvae may be due to stress‐induced regulation by the parasitoid in order to ‘force’ its developmental program into synchrony with the developing parasitoid larvae. Our results underscore a potentially important role played by pathogens in mediating herbivore–parasitoid interactions that are host‐instar‐dependent in their expression.

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“…; Stoianova et al. ). M. pallidipes Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important solitary endoparasitoid of the 1st to 4th instars of S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (H€ ubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest that feeds on various agricultural crops worldwide (Wang et al 2014). S. exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeNPV) is an important biological control agent of the beet armyworm and can cause natural epizootics in S. exigua populations (Jiang et al 2004;Stoianova et al 2012). M. pallidipes Sz epligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important solitary endoparasitoid of the 1st to 4th instars of S. exigua.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleopolyhedrovirus infection and/or parasitism by Microplitis pallidipes affected haemolymph titre of 20‐hydroxyecdysone in Spodoptera exigua larvae

Wan

Liu

et al. 2015

J Applied Entomology

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This study examined the physiological effects of joint and separate parasitism and infection by the endoparasitoid Microplitis pallidipes Sz epligeti and the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), respectively, on haemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-E) titre in Spodoptera exigua (H€ ubner) larvae. The results indicated that in parasitized larvae, virus-infected larvae (5.7 9 10 3 and 5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml) and parasitized larvae infected with virus at 5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml, compared to healthy larvae, the 20-E all declined during the first 3 days but began to increase from day 4 after treatment, while in jointly parasitized and infected larvae (5.7 9 10 3 OB/ml), the 20-E declined during the first 4 days but began to increase on day 5 after treatment. Meanwhile, compared to parasitized larvae, the 20-E declined during the first 4 days but significantly increased on day 5 in jointly parasitized and infected larvae (5.7 9 10 3 OB/ml), while significantly increased during the first 2 days but began to decrease from day 3 after treatment in jointly parasitized and infected larvae (5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml). Finally, in larvae that were both parasitized and virus infected (5.7 9 10 3 OB/ml), compared to just virus-infected larvae (5.7 9 10 3 OB/ml), the 20-E was lower on days 3 and 4 but higher on other days after treatment; in larvae that were both parasitized and virus infected (5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml), compared to just virus-infected larvae (5.7 9 10 5 OB/ml), the 20-E was significantly higher at the first 2 days but lower from day 3 after treatment. Our results revealed that 2nd instar larval M. pallidipes in host bodies may release 20-E into the haemolymph of S. exigua larvae and that NPV infection may stimulate S. exigua to release more 20-E during its third to fourth instar larval moulting. We found that this stimulatory effect was greater with higher virus concentrations.

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Interactions between an ectoparasitoid and a nucleopolyhedrovirus when simultaneously attacking Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

Varying degree of physiological integration among host instars and their endoparasitoid affects stress‐induced mortality

Nucleopolyhedrovirus infection and/or parasitism by Microplitis pallidipes affected haemolymph titre of 20‐hydroxyecdysone in Spodoptera exigua larvae

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