Interactions between Autophagy and DNA Viruses

Yin, Huan; Shao, Shihe; Jiang, Xinjie; Xie, Peng; Wanshu, Sun; Yu, Tianfei

doi:10.3390/v11090776

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Among other types of selective autophagy, xenophagy specifically targets intracellular pathogens for their degradation and further integration into both innate and adaptive immune responses [21,[23][24][25][26]. Conversely, in response to this cell-protective autophagy, several different families of viruses, including coronavirus, have adapted by evolving a large variety of strategies to escape and/or to benefit via the inhibition and/or stimulation of autophagy at different stages of the process [23,[27][28][29]. Thus, the identification of these interaction points might bring the opportunity to disrupt the viral replication cycle at specific stages by targeting selected steps of autophagy.…”

Section: Autophagy Interplays With the Replication Cycles Of Multiplementioning

confidence: 99%

Canonical and Noncanonical Autophagy as Potential Targets for COVID-19

Belló-Pérez

Sola

Novoa

et al. 2020

Cells

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates a review of the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular infection by coronaviruses, in order to identify potential therapeutic targets against the associated new disease (COVID-19). Previous studies on its counterparts prove a complex and concomitant interaction between coronaviruses and autophagy. The precise manipulation of this pathway allows these viruses to exploit the autophagy molecular machinery while avoiding its protective apoptotic drift and cellular innate immune responses. In turn, the maneuverability margins of such hijacking appear to be so narrow that the modulation of the autophagy, regardless of whether using inducers or inhibitors (many of which are FDA-approved for the treatment of other diseases), is usually detrimental to viral replication, including SARS-CoV-2. Recent discoveries indicate that these interactions stretch into the still poorly explored noncanonical autophagy pathway, which might play a substantial role in coronavirus replication. Still, some potential therapeutic targets within this pathway, such as RAB9 and its interacting proteins, look promising considering current knowledge. Thus, the combinatory treatment of COVID-19 with drugs affecting both canonical and noncanonical autophagy pathways may be a turning point in the fight against this and other viral infections, which may also imply beneficial prospects of long-term protection.

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Section: Autophagy Interplays With the Replication Cycles Of Multiplementioning

confidence: 99%

Canonical and Noncanonical Autophagy as Potential Targets for COVID-19

Belló-Pérez

Sola

Novoa

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…Autophagy is a catabolic biological process in the body, which has antiviral efficacy by targeting viruses and sending them to the lysosome for phagocytosis and degradation. At the same time, viruses can also use autophagy to enhance their own replication ( 76 ). However, little is known about the association between BmNPV and autophagy.…”

Section: Viral Immune Evasion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Arms Race Between Silkworm and Baculovirus

2021

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Insects are the largest group of animals. Nearly all organisms, including insects, have viral pathogens. An important domesticated economic insect is the silkworm moth Bombyx mori. B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a typical baculovirus and a primary silkworm pathogen. It causes major economic losses in sericulture. Baculoviruses are used in biological pest control and as a bioreactor. Silkworm and baculovirus comprise a well-established model of insect–virus interactions. Several recent studies have focused on this model and provided novel insights into viral infections and host defense. Here, we focus on baculovirus invasion, silkworm immune response, baculovirus evasion of host immunity, and enhancement of antiviral efficacy. We also discuss major issues remaining and future directions of research on silkworm antiviral immunity. Elucidation of the interaction between silkworm and baculovirus furnishes a theoretical basis for targeted pest control, enhanced pathogen resistance in economically important insects, and bioreactor improvement.

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“…V-cyclin and K1 have been found to promote autophagy by stimulating the AMPK pathway ( 328 , 329 ) ( Figure 6 ). On the other hand, vFLIP restricts the autophagic machinery by inhibiting ATG3 and LC3 proteins ( 330 ) ( Figure 6 ). Once viral latency is established, LANA plays a fundamental role in maintaining this phase through NF-kB activation ( 331 ).…”

Section: Human Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Granato et al observed viral particles inside autophagic vesicles in the cytoplasm of PEL cells in active replication, thus postulating that autophagy may also be related to viral transport ( 332 ). Finally, another protein linked to viral latency is STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), which remains active in a state of viral latency ( 330 ). In dendritic cells, KSHV infection induces STAT3 phosphorylation, promoting cell survival and viral latency.…”

Section: Human Herpesvirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer

2021

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Autophagy is a complex degradative process by which eukaryotic cells capture cytoplasmic components for subsequent degradation through lysosomal hydrolases. Although this catabolic process can be triggered by a great variety of stimuli, action in cells varies according to cellular context. Autophagy has been previously linked to disease development modulation, including cancer. Autophagy helps suppress cancer cell advancement in tumor transformation early stages, while promoting proliferation and metastasis in advanced settings. Oncoviruses are a particular type of virus that directly contribute to cell transformation and tumor development. Extensive molecular studies have revealed complex ways in which autophagy can suppress or improve oncovirus fitness while still regulating viral replication and determining host cell fate. This review includes recent advances in autophagic cellular function and emphasizes its antagonistic role in cancer cells.

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Interactions between Autophagy and DNA Viruses

Cited by 24 publications

References 135 publications

Canonical and Noncanonical Autophagy as Potential Targets for COVID-19

Canonical and Noncanonical Autophagy as Potential Targets for COVID-19

Advances in the Arms Race Between Silkworm and Baculovirus

Autophagy in Viral Development and Progression of Cancer

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