Interactions between benzene, toluene, and p‐xylene (BTX) during their biodegradation

Oh, Young-Sook; Shareefdeen, Zarook; Baltzis, Basil C.; Bartha, Richárd

doi:10.1002/bit.260440417

Cited by 180 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Degradation of mixtures of BTEX compounds has been investigated by numerous authors. Oh et al (10) demonstrated that p-xylene was cometabolically removed by benzene and toluene degraders. The presence of p-xylene decreased the rates of degradation of these primary substrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of Soil Microbial Communities Enriched on a Mixture of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Greene

Kay

Jaber

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Soil contaminated with C5؉, which contained benzene (45%, wt/wt), dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) plus cyclopentadiene (together 20%), toluene (6%), styrene (3%), xylenes (2%), naphthalene (2%), and smaller quantities of other compounds, served as the source for isolation of 55 genomically distinct bacteria (standards). Use of benzene as a substrate by these bacteria was most widespread (31 of 44 standards tested), followed by toluene (23 of 44), xylenes (14 of 44), styrene (10 of 44), and naphthalene (10 of 44). Master filters containing denatured genomic DNAs of all 55 standards were used to analyze the community compositions of C5؉ enrichment cultures by reverse sample genome probing (RSGP). The communities enriched from three contaminated soils were similar to those enriched from three uncontaminated soils from the same site. The compositions of these communities were time dependent and showed a succession of Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus spp. before convergence on a composition dominated by Alcaligenes spp. The dominant community members detected by RSGP were capable of benzene degradation at all stages of succession. The enrichments effectively degraded all C5؉ components except DCPD. Overall, degradation of individual C5؉ hydrocarbons followed first-order kinetics, with the highest rates of removal for benzene.Although degradation of single aromatic compounds by pure strains of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria is generally well understood, bioremediation processes in the environment usually involve degradation of mixtures of compounds by communities of microorganisms. The biodegradation kinetics for benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene (BTEX) components by an enrichment culture from gasoline-contaminated soil were recently reported (14). The rates of biodegradation of benzene and toluene were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower when the compounds were degraded as gasoline components than when the pure compounds were degraded (22). No attempts were made to evaluate the nature of the microorganisms in the enrichment. Deeb and Alvarez-Cohen (1) also reported that degradation of individual BTEX components differed significantly from degradation of the BTEX mixture. This was demonstrated both for a consortium from gasoline-contaminated soil and for a pure culture of Rhodococcus rhodochrous. When added individually, BTEX components were degraded in the order toluene-benzene-ethylbenzene-xylenes, whereas in BTEX mixtures the ethylbenzene was degraded most rapidly, followed by toluene, benzene, and the xylenes.We have previously reported on degradation of C5ϩ, a complex mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons that is formed during ethane pyrolysis to ethylene during polyethylene production (4, 13, 16). We used reverse sample genome probing (RSGP) in initial experiments to define the communities involved in this process. RSGP involves hybridization of labeled total community DNA with a master filter containing the denatured chromosomal DNAs of genomically distinct bacteria (referred to as standards) isolated from the target environment...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of Soil Microbial Communities Enriched on a Mixture of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Greene

Kay

Jaber

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The prime reason for antagonistic effects during BTEX degradation in mixtures can be attributed to competitive inhibition (Chang, et al, 1993;Oh, et al, 1994;Bielefeldt and Stensel, 1999), toxicity (Haigler, et al, 1992) and the formation of toxic intermediates by non-specific enzymes (Bartels, et al, 1984). The interaction plots (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their study reveals that in the presence of either toluene or o-xylene, benzene degradation was stimulated. Oh, et al (1994) investigated the degradation of B, T and p-X individually and in mixtures by a mixed consortium and a Pseudomonas species. They observed benzene and toluene degradation but not p-xylene as individual substrate, while in mixtures competitive inhibition and cometabolic degradation were observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of main and interaction effects during the removal of BTEX mixtures in batch conditions, using wastewater treatment plant sludge microbes

Rene

Kim³

et al. 2007

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:Biodegradation has proved to be a versatile technique to remediate benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) mixtures in contaminated soil and groundwater. In this study, a mixed microbial culture obtained from a wastewater treatment plant was used to degrade liquid phase BTEX, at initial concentrations varying between 15 to 75 mg/l. Experiments were conducted according to the 2 k-1 fractional factorial design to identify the main and interaction effects of parameters and their influence on biodegradation of individual BTEX compounds in mixtures. The removal efficiencies of these compounds varied between 2 to 90% depending on the concentration of other compounds and also on their interaction effects. A statistical interpretation of the results was done based on the Fishers variance ratio (F) and probability (P) values. Though all the main effects were found significant (P < 0.05) at the 5% confidence level, the interactions between benzene and toluene and benzene and xylene concentrations were also found to be statistically significant and play a major role in affecting the total BTEX removal.

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“…Diauxie during BTHX degradation has been described, for example, for a Rhodococcus strain (Deeb & Alvarez-Cohen, 1999). The prime reason for antagonistic effects during BTHX degradation in mixtures can be attributed to competitive inhibition (Chang et al, 1993;Oh et al, 1994 andBielefeldt &Stensel, 1999 b), toxicity (Haigler et al, 1992) and the formation of toxic intermediates by non-specific enzymes (Mi-Seon et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoremediation of Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a Local Marine Aspergillus oryzae (Statistical Analysis of the Main and Substrate Interaction Effects)

2010

Egypt. J. Microbiol.

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N AROMATIC hydrocarbon utilizing fungus was isolated from a ……wastewater polluted sea spot in the Mediterranean, Alexandria, Egypt. It was identified to the species level as Aspergillus oryzae. The marine fungal isolate has the ability to remove BTHX compounds (benzene, toluene, hexylbenzene and xylene), concentrations ranged between 15 and 75 mgl -1 . Up to our knowledge, it is the first description of BTHX removal by a local marine strain of A. oryzae. The removal efficiencies of these compounds varied between 58 and 85 %, within 48hr. Experiments were conducted according to the 2 4 fraction fractorial design to identify the main and interaction effects of individual BTHX removal efficiency. A statistical interpretation of the results revealed that the main effect of benzene was significant (P < 0.05). High F values for the 4-way interaction between different hydrocarbons with low P values suggest that the interactions between individual BTHX are the most significant factors. The negative interactions between benzene and hexylbenzene, benzene and xylene concentrations were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was a positive significant interaction between hexylbenzene and xylene (P < 0.05). A successful trial showed very good applicability of the marine fungal isolate to remove 80.00, 95.64 and 89.00 % of benzene, toluene and xylene, respectively, in the waste effluent of Alexandria Petroleum Company after 48 hr. This effluent contains very high concentrations of BTX compounds (36.38gl -1 ). Using the diluted effluent (50%), the removal efficiency of the BTX reached distinct value of 97, 98 and 98% for benzene, toluene and xylene, respectively, after 72 hr. These significant quantitative removal capacities demonstrate the potential application of marine A. oryzae for the mycoremediation of BTX compounds from waste water systems.

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Interactions between benzene, toluene, and p‐xylene (BTX) during their biodegradation

Cited by 180 publications

References 17 publications

Composition of Soil Microbial Communities Enriched on a Mixture of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Composition of Soil Microbial Communities Enriched on a Mixture of Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Statistical analysis of main and interaction effects during the removal of BTEX mixtures in batch conditions, using wastewater treatment plant sludge microbes

Mycoremediation of Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a Local Marine Aspergillus oryzae (Statistical Analysis of the Main and Substrate Interaction Effects)

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