Interactions Between Humans, Crocodiles, and Hippos at Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe

Marowa, Ivan; Matanzima, Joshua; Nhiwatiwa, Tamuka

doi:10.26077/765a-76f4

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…HHC principally occurs where people practice subsistence-level farming and fishing, but tourist operators with lodges near watercourses also encounter conflict with hippos (Durrheim and Leggat, 1999), as do commercial large-scale croppers and pastoralists (Seoraj-Pillai and Pillay, 2017). Much of the subsistence farming in sub-Saharan Africa is rain-fed and not irrigated, and this may van Houdt and Traill 10.3389/fcosc.2022.954722 motivate people to farm near water sources, thereby exacerbating conflict (Utete, 2020;Marowa et al, 2021). HHC manifests as loss of human life and injury, loss of human livelihood and welfare, crop and livestock loss, competition for forage with livestock, damage to fishing gear and boats, and retributive killing of hippos (Anderson and Pariela, 2005;Post, 2017).…”

Section: Human-hippo Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human injury at the water's edge or in the water is by no means uncommon (Marowa et al, 2021). Hippos may be provoked to attack if they get caught in nets, and hippos will attack canoes or small boats (Dunham et al, 2010).…”

Section: Human Injury and Fatality Through Human-hippo Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human welfare and mental wellbeing are likely affected by HWC (Barua et al, 2013). Damage to boats by hippos, for example, may have a considerable financial impact on people who are already economically marginalised (Marowa et al, 2021). The toll on spouses and children who witness the death of a relative may be substantial.…”

Section: Human Trauma Mental Health and Other Hidden Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kenya Wildlife Service has regularly killed hippos, in response to serious conflict between villagers and hippos (Post, 2000), and in Mozambique, ~60 hippos were killed over a 2-year period in direct response to conflict with people (Dunham et al, 2010). Around Lake Kariba in Zimbabwe, villagers complained that authorities did not kill enough problem hippos and stated that park rangers will simply shoot over the animals' heads to deter them (Marowa et al, 2021). There has been some concern that conflict with hippo may be exaggerated; a government authority in Uganda commented that the hippos "owing to the attention attracted by its bulk, continues to enjoy an undeserved reputation for ferocity coupled with that of a perpetrator of excessive damage" (Uganda Game Dept Report in Clarke, 1953).…”

Section: Hippo Mortality and Injury Through Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Namibia, the government may not be held responsible for human injury or fatality but will cover only basic costs such as funeral expenses (MET, 2009). In Kenya, the government will compensate communities for death or injury following a conflict, but not for the loss of crops or livestock (Post, 2017), and a survey of communities near Kariba in Zimbabwe found that villagers received no compensation following HWC (Marowa et al, 2021). Compensation for crop damage also varies and in many instances does not occur, or villagers themselves may not even be aware that they can claim damages (Post, 2017).…”

Section: Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A synthesis of human conflict with an African megaherbivore; the common hippopotamus

Houdt

Traill

2022

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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The common hippopotamus is an extant African megaherbivore that is relatively understudied by scientists and underfunded by conservation organisations. Conflict with people, however, is a major concern given the danger that hippos pose to human life. Moreover, very little is known about human–hippo conflict (HHC), and experimental fieldwork on mitigation methods has hardly been conducted. Here we conduct an exhaustive review of the primary and grey literature outlining how the conflict between people and hippos arises, the impacts of conflict on both human communities and hippo populations, and all known intervention measures. Our review highlights the effectiveness of barriers around crops, riparian buffer zones (that exclude cattle and crop planting), and payments for environmental services as tools to mitigate HHC. This study also highlights the knowledge gaps in HHC research, particularly the spatial scale of HHC, the lack of field experimental research on deterrents, and a paucity of knowledge on outcomes of projected climate change and HHC.

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Section: Human-hippo Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Injury and Fatality Through Human-hippo Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Trauma Mental Health and Other Hidden Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hippo Mortality and Injury Through Conflictmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A synthesis of human conflict with an African megaherbivore; the common hippopotamus

Houdt

Traill

2022

Front. Conserv. Sci.

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Human Wildlife Conflict and Opportunities for Co-existence

Utete,

Matanzima

2024

Living With Wildlife in Zimbabwe

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Living with the Sharks: A Multi-Methods Study Analyzing Human-Wildlife Conflicts as a Step Towards Coexistence (Réunion)

Pinel,

Denayer,

Bambridge

2023

Hum Ecol

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On the island of Réunion, a French overseas department located in the western Indian Ocean, a prefectorial decree taken by the authorities on July 26, 2013 has been reconducted for the past 10 years to forbid swimming and water-based activities, apart from the conditions set out in the injunction. This decision was the outcome of increased shark sightings and incidents causing, in particular, the deaths of 5 ocean users between 2011 and 2013. As a preliminary attempt to address the lack of empirical research on ocean users' social representations and their relationship to non-humans, this paper aims to primarily analyze thoroughly the issues of the acceptance of shark risk mitigation options. Data were gathered through a qualitative study that mobilized several ethnographic tools such as face-to-face semi-structured interviews, participant and non-participant observation as well as social media data survey. Results indicate that the many tensions generated by shark-human interactions (SHIs) on the island of Réunion are related to a lack of public consultation, thus calling the acceptance of the shark management strategy and the scientific recommendations into question. The findings may improve shark-human interactions management as we consider the management of risk as a process to develop a well-balanced way of living with the sharks where residual risk remains. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the management of human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) while the results tend to confirm the findings of many other studies showing that they are often rooted in human-human conflicts.

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Interactions Between Humans, Crocodiles, and Hippos at Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

A synthesis of human conflict with an African megaherbivore; the common hippopotamus

A synthesis of human conflict with an African megaherbivore; the common hippopotamus

Human Wildlife Conflict and Opportunities for Co-existence

Living with the Sharks: A Multi-Methods Study Analyzing Human-Wildlife Conflicts as a Step Towards Coexistence (Réunion)

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