Interactions between isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora JPM4 during infection of the sugar cane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Entomopathogenic Nematode Application Technology

“…Phoretic relationships, which may be considered beneficial in terms of enhancing EPN dispersal, have also been indicated with other soil organisms such as mites, earthworms, and isopods (Eng, Preisser, & Strong, 2005;Epsky, Walter, & Capinera, 1988;Shapiro, Tylka, Berry, & Lewis, 1995;Shapiro-Ilan & Brown, 2013). Interactions between EPNs and other entomopathogens may be synergistic as has been reported with Paenibacillus popilliae (Dutky) (Bacillales: Paenibacillaceae) (Thurston, Kaya, & Gaugler, 1994), Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) (Koppenhöfer & Kaya, 1997), and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) (Acevedo, Samuels, Machado, & Dolinski, 2007;Ansari, Shah, & Moens, 2006;Ansari, Tirry, & Moens, 2004), yet other studies indicate antagonism, e.g., with Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Brinkman & Gardner, 2001) or Isaria fumosorosea (Wize) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) (Shapiro-Ilan, Jackson, Reilly, & Hotchkiss, 2004). The relationship between EPNs and other entomopathogens (antagonism, additivity, synergism) can vary depending on the timing or rate of application, nematode species, or virulence of the other entomopathogen (Acevedo et al, 2007;Barbercheck & Kaya, 1990;Koppenhöfer & Kaya, 1997;Shapiro-Ilan, Jackson, et al, 2004).…”

Combined use of entomopathogenic nematodes and Metarhizium anisopliae as a new approach for black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, control

“…Sorokin (Clavicipitaceae) and the bacterium Serratia entomophila Grimont et al in the control of grass grub, Costelytra zealandica White. In some instances, the interactions between EPNs and fungi are neither additive nor synergistic, but still result in higher pest mortality than that caused by either agent when used alone (Choo et al, 2002;Acevedo et al, 2007).…”

Behaviour and Population Dynamics of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Following Application

“…Although application of EPN together with an entomopathogenic fungus such as Metarhizium or Beauveria may result in enhanced mortality of target pests in the short term (Anbesse, Adge, & Gebru, 2008;Ansari, Shah, & Butt, 2008;Shapiro-Ilan, Jackson, Reilly, & Hotchkiss, 2004), a strategy of joint application has implications for the recycling potential of both the EPN and the fungus in the pest environment. Both nematode and fungus compete for the host; which of the agents is successful depends to large extent on the time difference in colonisation (Acevedo, Samuels, Machado, & Dolinski, 2007;Barbercheck & Kaya, 1990).…”