Interactions between linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and water hardness ions. I. Effect of calcium ion on surfactant solubility and implications for detergency performance

Matheson, K. Lee; Cox, Michael F.; Smith, Dewey L.

doi:10.1007/bf02545966

Cited by 54 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As precipitation generally renders the surfactant ineffective in solution, it is important to understand that system. Precipitation of anionic surfactants [3][4][5] and mixtures of anionic/nonionic surfactants [6] has been previously successfully modeled, and the behavior and physicochemical properties of mixtures of a highly branched cationic and sodium alkyl sulfate have been widely studied by Zhi-Jian Yu and co-workers [7][8][9].…”

Section: Anionic/cationic Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Anionic/Cationic Surfactant Mixtures

Kume¹,

Gallotti²,

Nunes³

2007

J Surfact & Detergents

264

158

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It is commonly known that cationic and anionic surfactants cannot be mixed without the risk of precipitation or instability. However, many studies have shown that not only is it possible to combine cationic and anionic surfactants, but also that this combination can present synergic properties. Mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants have many unique properties that can be very useful when used properly. The aim of this report is to present relevant information concerning the interaction between anionic and cationic surfactants. A bibliographic review on anionic/cationic mixtures is presented here in order to better understand their properties and possible synergic effects, as this is of practical importance for the chemical industry.

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Section: Anionic/cationic Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Anionic/Cationic Surfactant Mixtures

Kume¹,

Gallotti²,

Nunes³

2007

J Surfact & Detergents

264

158

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“…Both the surface activity of the surfactant and its concentration affect detergency performance. Though higher average alkyl chainlength NaLAS has greater surface activity, it also has greater hard water sensitivity, which reduces its concentration under high water hardness conditions (10). The effect of dialkyltetralin sulfonate level on detergency is shown in Figure 15A.…”

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confidence: 98%

Impact of composition on the performance of sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (NaLAS)

Smith¹

1997

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Like other commercial surfactants, commercial linear alkylbenzenesulfonate is not a single compound but a mixture of components. This mixture comprises different carbonchain homologs, different phenyl isomers, and, in addition, the manufacturing co-product, dialkyltetralin sulfonate. Current manufacturing technology makes it possible to easily vary the average carbon chainlength. On the other hand, the phenyl isomer distribution and dialkyltetralin sulfonate content can be changed only within a certain range. Each of these variations in composition affects performance. This study reports on the effect of commercial alkylbenzenesulfonate composition on surface tension, solubility, viscosity, foam stability, and detergency. The study shows that average carbon chainlength affects all performance properties. Phenyl isomer distribution and dialkyltetralin sulfonate content affect only solubility and viscosity. JAOCS 74, 837-845 (1997). FIG. 17. Effect of phenyl isomer distribution and dialkyltetralin sulfonate content on foam stability of C 11 average NaLAS. T = 45°C, use level = 400 ppm surfactant, water hardness =150 ppm.

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“…This result suggests that its hydrophobicity increases in a washing solution of 100 ppm water hardness, because SL-L0 might bind to Ca 2+ ion to form a Ca(SL-L0) 2 complex. However, it is well known that LAS, a chemically synthesized anionic surfactant, forms a Ca(LAS) 2 complex under high water hardness conditions and as a result, its detergency significantly decreases 10,11) . The fact that the SL-L0 can maintain the high detergency level under 100 ppm suggests that Ca(SL-L0) 2 acts as a nonionic surfactant with sophorose as the hydrophilic group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These properties would offer great advantages, allowing SLs to use practically as detergents 9) . It is well known that mixed surfactants, e.g., linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and nonionic surfactants, exhibit synergistic effects on various surfactant activities 14,15) , such as surface tension 10) , critical micelle concentration (CMC) 10,12) , solubility 11,13) , detergency 10,11) , tolerance to hard water [10][11][12] , foaming 16) , and salinity tolerance 17) . Thus, this synergism has already been applied to commercially available cleaners, such as kitchen detergents, laundry detergents and shampoos.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%