Interactions Between Meadow Voles and White-Footed Mice at Forest—Oldfield Edges: Competition and Net Effects on Tree Invasion of Oldfields

Ostfeld, Richard S.; Manson, Robert H.; Canham, Charles D.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-21622-5_11

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Factors such as increased fragmentation, local extinctions in smaller fragments, and the spread of exotic species in edge habitats have increased the attention of conservation biologists towards the negative aspects of edge effects (Lidicker 1999). Several approaches have been applied to quantify edge effects such as vegetation structure along the edges (Williams‐Linera 1990; Manson, Ostfeld & Canham 1999; Ostfeld, Manson & Canham 1999; Kingston & Morris 2000), distribution of bird nests and incidences of nest predation (Gates & Mosher 1981; Batary & Baldi 2004), and diversity incidences of birds and small mammals along the edges (Manson, Ostfeld & Canham 1999, Ostfeld, Manson & Canham 1999; Kingston & Morris 2000). We add a new approach by which we investigate the functional use of edges by a model rodent through its response to habitat quality and predation risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Islands of fear: effects of wooded patches on habitat suitability of the striped mouse in a South African grassland

Baker¹,

Brown

2010

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. As a fundamental unit within a landscape, habitat patches create spatial heterogeneity. On a gradient of habitat patch size, one sees patches of denser vegetation cover occurring in otherwise open habitats (e.g. bushes in the desert, forest fragments in grasslands). 2. The resulting habitat fragmentation and consequent edge effects continue to concern conservation biologists, landscape ecologists, and wildlife managers due to their role in influencing wildlife abundance and distribution on broad geographic scales. 3. Although ecological processes near habitat edges often differ from processes away from edges, an animal's suitable habitat may increase or decrease by 'positive' or 'negative' edge effects. Such effects can be measured using behavioural indicators and experiments based on the costs and benefits of foraging under diminishing returns. 4. We used live trapping, giving-up densities [amount of food left behind in experimental food patches -giving-up density (GUD)] and geographic information system (GIS) analyses to test for spatial and temporal habitat selection by the four-striped grass mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) inhabiting a grassland containing distinct 'islands' of woody vegetation (500 m 2 of average area). We investigated how these woody islands influence the quality of the grassland in terms of activity patterns, feeding opportunities, predation risk and habitat suitability. We used R. pumilio's GUDs to explicitly map and measure habitats of varying quality using GIS. 5. Our results showed that R. pumilio perceived the wooded patches as habitats with no opportunities and yet highly risky when opportunities are provided. Furthermore, the wooded patches had a negative edge effect, their unsuitability extended for 1-3 m into the otherwise suitable habitats. 6. The combination of live-trapping and giving up densities provided an unbiased and controlled measure of a prey's perception of habitat use and foraging costs when equal opportunities are simultaneously provided. These techniques and concepts should be broadly applicable by conservationists and ecologists interested in understanding and managing edge effects. 7. This approach aims to effectively quantify edge effects and extrapolate predation risk on a landscape scale, thereby developing recommendations for managers to improve the quality or amount of edges for wildlife.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Islands of fear: effects of wooded patches on habitat suitability of the striped mouse in a South African grassland

Baker¹,

Brown

2010

Functional Ecology

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“…Patterns of seedling establishment and, as a result, plant recruitment and colonization, during recovery will vary spatially because seeds will not be dispersed uniformly into the adjacent matrix from the remnants (McClanahan, 1986; Silva et al ., 1996; Kupfer et al ., 2004). In addition, predation of seeds and seedlings will vary spatially (Ostfeld et al ., 1999).…”

Section: A Conceptual Model Of Fragmentation Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not seeing the ocean for the islands: the mediating influence of matrix‐based processes on forest fragmentation effects

Kupfer¹,

Malanson²,

Franklin³

2006

Global Ecology and Biogeography

407

325

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The pervasive influence of island biogeography theory on forest fragmentation research has often led to a misleading conceptualization of landscapes as areas of forest/habitat and 'non-forest/non-habitat' and an overriding focus on processes within forest remnants at the expense of research in the human-modified matrix. The matrix, however, may be neither uniformly unsuitable as habitat nor serve as a fully-absorbing barrier to the dispersal of forest taxa. In this paper, we present a conceptual model that addresses how forest habitat loss and fragmentation affect biodiversity through reduction of the resource base, subdivision of populations, alterations of species interactions and disturbance regimes, modifications of microclimate and increases in the presence of invasive species and human pressures on remnants. While we acknowledge the importance of changes associated with the forest remnants themselves (e.g. decreased forest area and increased isolation of forest patches), we stress that the extent, intensity and permanence of alterations to the matrix will have an overriding influence on area and isolation effects and emphasize the potential roles of the matrix as not only a barrier but also as habitat, source and conduit. Our intention is to argue for shifting the examination of forest fragmentation effects away from a patch-based perspective focused on factors such as patch area and distance metrics to a landscape mosaic perspective that recognizes the importance of gradients in habitat conditions.

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“…Space use can also potentially describe spatial patterns by which rodents exploit resources (Bowers & Dooley 1993, Gill & Marks 1991, Manson & Stiles 1998, Ostfeld et al 1997, 1999Pusenius et al in press). For example, white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque) in old-fields of eastern North America are most commonly found in shrubdominated microhabitats, and predation on tree seeds by mice is highest in these areas (Manson et al 1999;Ostfeld et al 1997Ostfeld et al , 1999. Despite their potential interactions with both resource use and population density, patterns of space use by small mammals in African savannas have rarely been documented (Keesing 1998a, Leirs et al 1996b.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya

Keesing

Crawford

2001

J. Trop. Ecol.

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Rodents in tropical Africa have been recognized for decades both as important pests of agriculture and as reservoirs of numerous diseases that affect humans and livestock (Keesing 2000). Despite this recognition, however, little is known about the ecology and behaviour of these abundant and widespread animals. Because the impacts of small mammals as pests are expected to be some function of their population density, most ecological research on African rodents has focused on their population dynamics (Delany 1972, 1986; Leirs et al. 1994, 1996a).

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Interactions Between Meadow Voles and White-Footed Mice at Forest—Oldfield Edges: Competition and Net Effects on Tree Invasion of Oldfields

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Islands of fear: effects of wooded patches on habitat suitability of the striped mouse in a South African grassland

Islands of fear: effects of wooded patches on habitat suitability of the striped mouse in a South African grassland

Not seeing the ocean for the islands: the mediating influence of matrix‐based processes on forest fragmentation effects

Impacts of density and large mammals on space use by the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya

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