Interactions between Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and the porcine immune system

Messier, Serge

doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-5786

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…In one study, M. hyopneumoniae membranes had a moderate nonspecific stimulatory effect on porcine lymphocytes. 19 This mitogenic effect, resulting in altered immune system function, may be a factor contributing to the massive lymphoid tissue hyperplasia around airways and blood vessels. 19 Lymphoid hyperplasia itself may be related to clinical signs, because pressure from the aggregates of lymphoid tissue may obliterate the lumen of the soft-walled bronchiole and cause collapse of surrounding alveoli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty pigs (Nos. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] approximately 58 days of age from 10 different herds were selected on the basis of clinical signs, characteristic pathologic changes, and positive direct immunofluorescent antibody tests for M. hyopneumoniae infection. Lung samples were obtained at necropsy from pigs submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and Localization ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeDNA in Lungs from Naturally Infected Pigs by In Situ Hybridization Using a Digoxigenin-labeled Probe

Kwon

Chae

1999

Vet Pathol

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae DNA was detected in 20 naturally infected pigs by in situ hybridization using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled DNA probe. A 520-base-pair DNA probe targeting a reiterative sequence of the M. hyopneumoniae genome was generated by the polymerase chain reaction. All 20 pigs infected with M. hyopneumoniae had distinct and positive hybridization signals without background staining. A strong hybridization signal was detected mainly in the luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar lining epithelial cells, whereas no hybridization signal was seen in the cytoplasm of bronchial and bronchiolar lining epithelial cells. When hybridization signal was detected in the luminal surface of bronchial and bronchiolar lining epithelial cells, a given bronchus or bronchiole had peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplastic tissues. Hybridization signals were not seen in the peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplastic tissues. A less intense signal was detected in the interstitial and alveolar macrophages randomly scattered in the thickened alveolar septa and spaces. Hybridization signal was rarely detected in the type I pneumocytes. The in situ hybridization technique developed in this study was useful for detection of M. hyopneumoniae nucleic acids in tissues taken from naturally infected piglets and may be a valuable technique for studying the pathogenesis of M. hyopneumoniae infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Localization ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeDNA in Lungs from Naturally Infected Pigs by In Situ Hybridization Using a Digoxigenin-labeled Probe

Kwon

Chae

1999

Vet Pathol

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“…The loss of cilia is thought to be important in the increased incidence of secondary bacterial infections associated with MHYO. Infection with MHYO is commonly associated with immunostimulation and immunosuppression (Kishima and Ross, 1985; Kishima et al , 1985; Maes et al , 1996), non-specific mitogenic effects on swine lymphocytes (Messier and Ross, 1991), or cytokines secreted by activated macrophages (Messier and Ross, 1991; Asai et al , 1993; Thacker et al , 2000 a ; Thanawongnuwech et al , 2001). Among bacterial causes of respiratory disease in pigs in the USA, MHYO is the second most common following Pasteurella multocida (PMULT) (Table 2) and despite widespread vaccination, mycoplasmal pneumonia remains a major concern for pig producers.…”

Section: Factors Involved In Prdcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs

Opriessnig

Giménez-Lirola

Halbur

2011

Anim. Health. Res. Rev.

342

383

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Respiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. As a true multifactorial disease, environmental conditions, population size, management strategies and pig-specific factors such as age and genetics also play critical roles in the outcome of PRDC. While non-infectious factors are important in the initiation and outcome of cases of PRDC, the focus of this review is on infectious factors only. There are a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens commonly associated with PRDC including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHYO) and Pasteurella multocida (PMULT). The pathogenesis of viral respiratory disease is typically associated with destruction of the mucocilliary apparatus and with interference and decrease of the function of pulmonary alveolar and intravascular macrophages. Bacterial pathogens often contribute to PRDC by activation of inflammation via enhanced cytokine responses. With recent advancements in pathogen detection methods, the importance of polymicrobial disease has become more evident, and identification of interactions of pathogens and their mechanisms of disease potentiation has become a topic of great interest. For example, combined infection of pigs with typically low pathogenic organisms like PCV2 and MHYO results in severe respiratory disease. Although the body of knowledge has advanced substantially in the last 15 years, much more needs to be learned about the pathogenesis and best practices for control of swine respiratory disease outbreaks caused by concurrent infection of two or more pathogens. This review discusses the latest findings on polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs.

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“…5B). The immune response induced by M. hyopneumoniae is complex with reports of both immunostimulation and immunosuppression (Kishima and Ross, 1985;Maes et al, 1996;Messier and Ross, 1991), non-specific mitogenic effects on swine lymphocytes (Messier and Ross, 1991), and alteration in cytokine profiles secreted by activated macrophages (Asai et al, 1993(Asai et al, , 1994Thacker et al, 2000;Thanawongnuwech et al, 2001). In a recent field investigation involving 147 pig farms across England, one of the identified factors associated with increased PCVAD severity was seropositivity to M. hyopneumoniae (Alarcon et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pcv2 and Concurrent Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent infections are important for expression of porcine circovirus associated disease

2012

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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the essential component of porcine circovirus disease (PCVD) as the disease syndrome is referred to in Europe and porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) as it is referred to in North America. Singular PCV2 infection rarely results in clinical disease; however, PCVAD is often accelerated in onset, enhanced in severity and prolonged in duration by concurrent viral or bacterial infections. Due to its effect on the immune system, PCV2 has also been shown to enhance protozoal, metazoal, and fungal infections. Several retrospective or cross-sectional studies have investigated the presence and prevalence of various infectious agents associated with PCVAD under field conditions. Experimental models confirm that PCV2 replication and associated lesions can be enhanced by concurrent infection with other viruses or bacteria. The exact mechanisms by which concurrent pathogens upregulate PCV2 are unknown. Co-infections may promote PCV2 infection by increasing immune host cell replication and accumulation in tissues thereby enhancing targets for PCV2 replication. It has also been proposed that co-infections interfere with PCV2 clearance by alteration of cytokine production and profiles. The outcome of differences in timing of co-infections in PCV2-infected pigs is also likely very important and is an area where more research is needed. Given the current knowledge base, it is important that veterinarians do a thorough diagnostic investigation on herds where PCVAD is a recurrent problem in order to implement the most appropriate and cost effective intervention strategies.

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Interactions between Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and the porcine immune system

Cited by 5 publications

References 77 publications

Detection and Localization ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeDNA in Lungs from Naturally Infected Pigs by In Situ Hybridization Using a Digoxigenin-labeled Probe

Detection and Localization ofMycoplasma hyopneumoniaeDNA in Lungs from Naturally Infected Pigs by In Situ Hybridization Using a Digoxigenin-labeled Probe

Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs

Concurrent infections are important for expression of porcine circovirus associated disease

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