“…These freshwater cichlids occur throughout Central America in rivers, streams and lakes ( Bussing, 1998 ). In addition to the multitude of laboratory experiments, the convict cichlid also lends itself to easy study within the field, in both Costa Rica (e.g., Wisenden, 1994 ; Wisenden, 1995 ; Wisenden et al, 2008 ; Lee-Jenkins et al, 2011 ; Snekser et al, 2011 ; van Breukelen, 2015 ) and Nicaragua (e.g., McKaye, 1986 ; Alonzo, McKaye & Van den Berghe, 2001 ; Lehtonen, 2008 ; Wisenden et al, 2008 ), further adding to their value as a model species. The many decades of behavioral research on this species has provided an extensive framework for integrative studies that will reveal more about the connections between behavior and its underlying mechanisms.…”