Interactions between Personality, Depression, Anxiety and Cognition to Understand Early Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease

Zufferey, Valérie; Gunten, Armin von; Kherif, Ferath

doi:10.2174/1568026620666200211110545

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Patients with early-onset AD are more likely to develop depression than those with late-onset AD due to significant changes in lifestyle, roles, and responsibilities, as well as poor social adaptability ( 43 ). More and more studies have shown that depression not only accelerates the rate of cognitive decline and affects the quality of life but also increases mortality and suicide rates in AD patients ( 44 ). Seriously, patients with Alzheimer’s disease whose depressive symptoms are the first to occur are prone to misdiagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease with depression as the first symptom: a case report with literature review

Liu¹,

Xie²,

Xie³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disease, and patients with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (onset age < 65 years) often have atypical symptoms, which are easily misdiagnosed and missed. Multimodality neuroimaging has become an important diagnostic and follow-up method for AD with its non-invasive and quantitative advantages.Case presentationWe report a case of a 59-year-old female with a diagnosis of depression at the age of 50 after a 46-year-old onset and a 9-year follow-up observation, who developed cognitive dysfunction manifested by memory loss and disorientation at the age of 53, and eventually developed dementia. Combined with neuropsychological scales (MMSE and MOCA scores decreased year by year and finally reached the dementia criteria) and the application of multimodal imaging. MRI showed that the hippocampus atrophied year by year and the cerebral cortex was extensively atrophied. 18F-FDG PET image showed hypometabolism in right parietal lobes, bilateral frontal lobes, bilateral joint parieto-temporal areas, and bilateral posterior cingulate glucose metabolism. The 18F-AV45 PET image showed the diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease was confirmed by the presence of Aβ deposits in the cerebral cortex.ConclusionEarly-onset Alzheimer’s disease, which starts with depression, often has atypical symptoms and is prone to misdiagnosis. The combination of neuropsychological scales and neuroimaging examinations are good screening tools that can better assist in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.Graphical Abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease with depression as the first symptom: a case report with literature review

Liu¹,

Xie²,

Xie³

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…64 In fact, this may be the case of the observed negative effect of increased blood cholesterol levels on midlife cognition, which based on previous studies may associate with cognitive decline in later life. 65 The association between anxiety and depressive symptoms and cognitive decline 66,67 in the healthy elderly [68][69][70] and presymptomatic stages of cognitive disorders [71][72][73] is well documented. We here extend…”

Section: Midlife Cognition Interpretedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The association between anxiety and depressive symptoms and cognitive decline 66,67 in the healthy elderly 68–70 and presymptomatic stages of cognitive disorders 71–73 is well documented. We here extend these observations by showing that anxiety and depressive symptoms influence physiological cognition already in midlife and by identifying personality traits such as hostility and type D personality in addition to quality of life as variables negatively influencing physiological cognition.…”

Section: Narrativementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating cognition in midlife

Novotný

González-Rivas

Medina‐Inojosa

et al. 2021

A&D Transl Res & Clin Interv

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We here posit that measurements of midlife cognition can be instructive in understanding cognitive disorders. Even though molecular events signal possible onset of cognitive disorders decades prior to their clinical diagnoses, cognition and its possible early changes in midlife remain poorly understood. We characterize midlife cognition in a cognitively healthy population‐based sample using the Cogstate Brief Battery and test for associations with cardiovascular, adiposity‐related, lifestyle‐associated, and psychosocial variables. Learning and working memory showed significant variability and vulnerability to psychosocial influences in midlife. Furthermore, midlife aging significantly and progressively increased prevalence of suboptimal cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that physiological changes in cognition, measured with simple tests suitable for use in everyday clinical setting, may signal already in midlife the first clinical manifestations of the presymptomatic biologically defined cognitive disorders. This pilot study calls for longitudinal studies investigating midlife cognition to identify clinical correlates of biologically defined cognitive disorders.

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“…BZD users are more likely to experience depression and anxiety than the non-users (25). However, depression and anxiety can significantly affect cognitive test performance, confounding the result of the study (26). To reduce the influence of depression and anxiety on the cognition results in this study, participants with moderate symptoms of anxiety or depression, reflected by scores of SAS score of ≥20 and GDS scores of ≥15, respectively, were excluded.…”

Section: Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some research showed that aged BZD users suffered more cognitive impairment as their time on the drug increased (51,(55)(56)(57). These inconsistencies may be due to researchers not considering that BZD users had higher levels of anxiety than the control group, which results in a reduction in cognitive functioning (26). This explanation is supported by the research of Lucki et al, which reported that the cognitive performance of long-term BZD users did not differ significantly from that of non-users after matching for age, gender, education, and anxiety levels (58).…”

Section: Bzd Using Time and The Cognition Decline In Highly Educated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Long-Term Use of Benzodiazepines Associated With Worse Cognition Performance in Highly Educated Older Adults?

et al. 2020

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Background: Benzodiazepines (BZD) are common medications for sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic that are especially prevalent in older adults. Previous studies have shown that BZD use could impair users' cognition, significantly affecting their quality of life. Past research has shown that higher education might play a protective role in the process of cognitive decline. Very few studies had examined the cognitive effects of BZD on highly educated older adults. The study aimed to explore how cognitive functions would be affected by benzodiazepines among highly educated older adults. Method: 140 older adults with an average education period of 14.8 years were included in this study. The subjects were divided into three separate groups, the long-term BZD users (≥180 days), short-term BZD users (<180 days), and non-users. Demographics and cognitive assessments for the three groups were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the chi-squared test, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). To examine the association between BZD use and cognition a multiple linear aggression approach was used. Result: All three groups were significantly different from each other when looking at executive functioning in the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B). Compared to the control group, short-term BZD users showed significant defects in TMT-B time (p = 0.002) and TMT-B errors (p < 0.001); long-term BZD users showed significant defect on TMT-B time (p = 0.041). Compared to short-term BZD users, long-term BZD users showed significant merit on TMT-B errors (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in other cognitive tasks that reflected general cognition, verbal memory, language fluency, and visual memory. After adjusting for demographic, increased BZD use over time was positively associated with scores for the revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (r = 0.377, p = 0.012). Conclusion: BZD use may be significantly associated with worse executive functioning in highly educated older adults. However, there is no association between the duration of BZD use and increased cognitive deficits in highly educated older adults. This study Liu et al. Benzodiazepine Use and Cognition Decline identified future experimental directions including potential longitudinal studies, within-subject studies comparing mood disorder patients' cognitive performance before and after onset of BZD use, and between-subject studies that directly compare BZD's effect on subjects with the same baseline of cognitive functioning.

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Interactions between Personality, Depression, Anxiety and Cognition to Understand Early Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 152 publications

Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease with depression as the first symptom: a case report with literature review

Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease with depression as the first symptom: a case report with literature review

Investigating cognition in midlife

Is the Long-Term Use of Benzodiazepines Associated With Worse Cognition Performance in Highly Educated Older Adults?

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