Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation

Nowakowska, Justyna A.; Stocki, Marcin; Stocka, Natalia; Ślusarski, Sławomir; Tkaczyk, Miłosz; Caetano, João Maria; Tulik, Mirela; Hsiang, Tom; Oszako, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/f11101107

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The atmospheric water content of the sample can also bias GC/MS data since fungal VOC formation is easier in humid ambient air. Furthermore, such physical analyses require some time to be implemented [106], even though GC/MS remains a relatively quick way of analyzing VOC mixtures, which can be furthermore automated for real time profiling of compounds emitted from living fungi [107][108][109].…”

Section: Strategies For Improved Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms

et al. 2020

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Fungi and oomycetes release volatiles into their environment which could be used for olfactory detection and identification of these organisms by electronic-nose (e-nose). The aim of this study was to survey volatile compound emission using an e-nose device and to identify released molecules through solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME–GC/MS) analysis to ultimately develop a detection system for fungi and fungi-like organisms. To this end, cultures of eight fungi (Armillaria gallica, Armillaria ostoyae, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium poae, Rhizoctonia solani, Trichoderma asperellum) and four oomycetes (Phytophthora cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. plurivora, P. ramorum) were tested with the e-nose system and investigated by means of SPME-GC/MS. Strains of F. poae, R. solani and T. asperellum appeared to be the most odoriferous. All investigated fungal species (except R. solani) produced sesquiterpenes in variable amounts, in contrast to the tested oomycetes strains. Other molecules such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and benzene derivatives were found in all samples. The results suggested that the major differences between respective VOC emission ranges of the tested species lie in sesquiterpene production, with fungi emitting some while oomycetes released none or smaller amounts of such molecules. Our e-nose system could discriminate between the odors emitted by P. ramorum, F. poae, T. asperellum and R. solani, which accounted for over 88% of the PCA variance. These preliminary results of fungal and oomycete detection make the e-nose device suitable for further sensor design as a potential tool for forest managers, other plant managers, as well as regulatory agencies such as quarantine services.

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Section: Strategies For Improved Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms

et al. 2020

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“…We detected that P. plurivora emits volatiles also [71]. Moreover, in previous investigations, we studied the effect of other species from the Phytophthora genus, i.e., P. cactorum [72,73], on the composition of bioactive compounds in birch shoots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Defoliation on the Defense Reactions of Silver Birch (Betula pendula) Infected with Phytophthora plurivora

Berezovska

Oszako

Malewski

et al. 2021

Forests

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In natural environments, plants develop adaptive mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels to cope with many external factors, e.g., insects and soil pathogens. We studied physiological stress induced by different levels of foliage removal (defoliation 30% and 60%) and by infection of root rot pathogen Phytophthora plurivora on the common Polish tree species, Betula pendula, grown in an open greenhouse. This study showed that P. plurivora damaged the root system which negatively impacted all morphological parameters. However the loss of 30% of the leaves had a positive effect on defense responses. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence parameters indicated a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency in defoliated plants, but plants inoculated with the pathogen had a higher performance index showing increased vigor of the infected plant than birches. The study demonstrated the intense immunity response of birch to P. plurivora through the expression of Hsp90 and Hsp83 genes. The trees weakened by P. plurivora became more susceptible to infection by Erysiphe ornata var. ornata.

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“…can stimulate the secondary metabolite biosynthesis in B. platyphylla (Fan et al 2014). Nowakowska et al (2020) also claimed that Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) J. Schröt and Armillaria gallica Marxm. and Romagn., soil-borne pathogens could increase the production of phenols and triterpenes, suggesting plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was activated.…”

Section: Abiotic Stress Affects Secondary Metabolite On Betula Platyphyllamentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic stresses induced physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in <i>Betula platyphylla</i>: a review

Ritonga¹,

Ngatia²,

Song³

et al. 2021

Silva Fenn.

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Abiotic stress is one of the major factors in reducing plant growth, development, and yield production by interfering with various physiological, biochemical, and molecular functions. In particular, abiotic stress such as salt, low temperature, heat, drought, UV-radiation, elevated CO2, ozone, and heavy metals stress is the most frequent study in Sukaczev. is one of the most valuable tree species in East Asia facing abiotic stress during its life cycle. Using transgenic plants is a powerful tool to increase the abiotic stress tolerance. Generally, abiotic stress reduces leaves water content, plant height, fresh and dry weight, and enhances shed leaves as well. In the physiological aspect, salt, heavy metal, and osmotic stress disturbs seed germination, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis. In the biochemical aspect, salt, drought, cold, heat, osmotic, UV-B radiation, and heavy metal stress increases the ROS production of cells, resulting in the enhancement of enzymatic antioxidant (SOD and POD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant (proline and AsA) to reduce the ROS accumulation. Meanwhile, upregulates various genes, as well as proteins to participate in abiotic stress tolerance. Based on recent studies, several transcription factors contribute to increasing abiotic stress tolerance in , including , and . These transcription factors bind to different cis-acting elements to upregulate abiotic stress-related genes, resulting in the enhancement of salt, drought, cold, heat, osmotic, UV-B radiation, and heavy metal tolerance. These genes along with phytohormones mitigate the abiotic stress. This review also highlights the candidate genes from another Betulacea family member that might be contributing to increasing abiotic stress tolerance.Betula platyphyllaBetula platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaB. platyphyllaBplMYB46, BpMYB102, BpERF13, BpERF2, BpHOX2, BpHMG6, BpHSP9, BpUVR8, BpBZR1, BplERD15BpNACsB. platyphylla

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Interactions between Phytophthora cactorum, Armillaria gallica and Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings Subjected to Defoliation

Cited by 15 publications

References 74 publications

Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms

Detection of Fungi and Oomycetes by Volatiles Using E-Nose and SPME-GC/MS Platforms

Effect of Defoliation on the Defense Reactions of Silver Birch (Betula pendula) Infected with Phytophthora plurivora

Abiotic stresses induced physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in <i>Betula platyphylla</i>: a review

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