Interactions Between Rumex spp., Herbivores and a Rust Fungus: Gastrophysa viridula Grazing Reduces Subsequent Infection by Uromyces rumicis

Hatcher, P. E.; Paul, Nigel D.; Ayres, P. G.; Whittaker, J. B.

doi:10.2307/2389910

Cited by 61 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This confirmed their previous laboratory experiments (Russin et al, 1989(Russin et al, , 1990. Together with our previous reports of the inhibitory effect of feeding by G. viridula on U. rumicis infection in laboratory experiments (Hatcher et al, 1994a(Hatcher et al, , 1995, there are some other laboratory reports of inhibitory effects of arthropod herbivory on pathogenic fungal infection. For example, Colletotrichum orbiculare lesion density decreased on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) previously infested with either thrips (Thrips tabaci) or aphids (Aphis gossypii), compared with uninfested plants (Russo et al, 1997).…”

Section: Insect-fungus Interactionssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The experiments reported here have demonstrated that the beetle-induced resistance to rust infection shown previously (Hatcher et al, 1994a(Hatcher et al, , 1995 is not an artefact of the laboratory nor confined to a single pathogen, and appears to be robust across a range of conditions. This beetle-induced resistance is also systemic, at least for U. rumicis and V. rumicis.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Therefore, although G. viridula is present from April to October, different fungal communities might occur on R. obtusifolius at different times of the year. Thus, field experiments were carried out in spring and autumn to test the following hypotheses : (1) that damage to R. obtusifolius by the beetle G. viridula reduces natural infection by fungal pathogens, notably the rust U. rumicis (Hatcher et al, 1994a), but also the two other common pathogens present ; (2) the effect of beetle grazing on resistance to fungal infection will be independent of N supply (Hatcher et al, 1997a) ; and (3) that beetle grazing reduces fungal infection in ungrazed leaves (i.e. that the effect is systemic ; Hatcher et al, 1994a).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No experimental plant was 3 m from a source plant. Inoculation of source plants with U. rumicis followed a standard practice (Hatcher et al, 1994a) using spores that originated on plants at Lancaster University Campus. Source plants for R. rubella were inoculated with spore suspensions obtained from cultures grown on carrot-malt agar originating from locally collected spores.…”

Section: Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beetle grazing reduces natural infection of Rumex obtusifolius by fungal pathogens

Hatcher

Paul

2000

New Phytologist

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In previously reported laboratory experiments, infection of Rumex obtusifolius by the rust fungus Uromyces rumicis was decreased on leaves which had prior herbivory by the beetle Gastrophysa viridula. In this paper we investigate whether this interaction is robust for natural infection by a variety of fungi in field experiments carried out in spring and autumn with plants given different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Grazing by G. viridula led to a decrease in lesion density of Ramularia rubella and Venturia rumicis in the spring and V. rumicis and U. rumicis in the autumn experiment. For V. rumicis and U. rumicis significant reductions in lesion density occurred on the undamaged leaves of damaged plants, compared with similar leaves on undamaged plants, suggesting systemic induced resistance. This induced resistance was usually independent of the amount of nitrogen fertilization, although the inhibitory effect of grazing on R. rubella in the spring and V. rumicis in the autumn experiment was enhanced by increasing nitrogen fertilization and was inhibited by increasing nitrogen fertilization for V. rumicis in the spring. In both experiments, the lesion density of V. rumicis was greater on leaves on which R. rubella was also present, and the presence of U. rumicis in the autumn experiment was linked to a similar but greater effect on V. rumicis lesion density. We found no evidence of induced resistance by fungi against fungi in these experiments. We highlight the complex interactions between inhibitory and facilitatory processes acting on leaf fungal infection. These results are compared with the proposed molecular mechanisms of induced resistance(s) and we consider the benefits of closer integration between molecular and ecological investigations of induced resistances that occur in the field.

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Section: Insect-fungus Interactionssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beetle grazing reduces natural infection of Rumex obtusifolius by fungal pathogens

Hatcher

Paul

2000

New Phytologist

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“…rumicis due to the induction of a resistance response throughout the undamaged portion of the damaged leaf (Hatcher et al 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Peacock

Hunter

Turner

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Planting of willow genotype mixtures for biomass production has been suggested as a non-chemical strategy for pest management. Basic information on spatial dynamics of important insects and pathogens is necessary for the effective deployment of host genotypes in a plantation. In 1998 and 1999 the degree and spatial distribution of damage by Melampsora spp. and Phratora vulgatissima were studied concurrently in a field trial containing monocultures of willow Salix genotypes with different willow rust and beetle susceptibilities, and two design mixtures (random or regular) of three or five genotypes. 2. For both years, there was more rust and beetle damage on plants in monocultures than in mixtures. There were significant differences in the vertical distribution of beetle damage along stems between plantation designs for the 2 years, yet only in 1999 for rust. Rust severity along stems was significantly correlated between leaves, indicating localized spread of disease. In contrast, beetle damage severity along stems was weakly correlated between alternate leaves and leaves farther apart, suggesting beetle movement from tree to tree. 3. In 1998, spatial distribution of rust was aggregated in 67% of plots studied and in 40% for beetles. There was no significant difference in the distribution of beetle damage between planting design, but rust was aggregated in 75% of mixtures and 33% of monocultures. While beetle damage distribution was similar between years, rust was aggregated in all monoculture plots but in only 8% of mixtures in 1999. The difference between years and design for rust was probably because of the later stage of rust development in 1999 and the delaying effect of mixtures on this development. 4. In 1998, there were significant negative correlations between the extent of rust and beetle damage on individual trees. However, only 20% of plots showed a significant spatial dissociation between these two types of damage. There were fewer discernible interactions in 1999. 5. Plantation design provides the basis for integrated control of rust and beetle damage within willow cropping systems by delaying the spread and development of both organisms. Both pest and disease can be assessed successfully simultaneously under field conditions, a major saving in human resources. Initial selection of willow mixture configuration should primarily take into account the effects of spatial design on rust development.

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Plant Defense in the Real World: Multiple Attackers and Beneficial Interactions

Walters

2010

Plant Defense

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Interactions Between Rumex spp., Herbivores and a Rust Fungus: Gastrophysa viridula Grazing Reduces Subsequent Infection by Uromyces rumicis

Cited by 61 publications

References 30 publications

Beetle grazing reduces natural infection of Rumex obtusifolius by fungal pathogens

Beetle grazing reduces natural infection of Rumex obtusifolius by fungal pathogens

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Plant Defense in the Real World: Multiple Attackers and Beneficial Interactions

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