Interactions Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication and Major Respiratory Viruses in Human Nasal Epithelium

Pizzorno, Andrés; Padey, Blandine; Dulière, Victoria; Mouton, William; Justine, Oliva; Laurent, Emilie; Milesi, Cédrine; Lina, Bruno; Traversier, Aurélien; Julien, Thomas; Sophie, T; Manuel, Rosa Calatrava; Olivier, Terrier

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiac357

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In human nasal epithelium cells, when the second infection occurred with a 48-hour delay, SARS-CoV-2s infection was slightly reduced by H1N1 first infection, while H1N1 infection 48 h after SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared to have no significant impact on the intracellular genome levels of influenza ( 47 ). In a context of successive infections with a much longer delay (7 days), was demonstrated that superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 had no significant impact on the intracellular influenza virus genome levels ( 47 ). Interestingly, comparing the immune system products during superinfections and those during the corresponding single infections, different profiles for influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 were showed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on viral interference during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Matera,

Manti,

Petrarca

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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Respiratory viruses represent the most frequent cause of mortality, morbidity and high healthcare costs for emergency visits and hospitalization in the pediatric age. Respiratory viruses can circulate simultaneously and can potentially infect the same host, determining different types of interactions, the so-called viral interference. The role of viral interference has assumed great importance since December 2019, when the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came on the scene. The aim of this narrative review is to present our perspective regarding research in respiratory virus interference and discuss recent advances on the topic because, following SARS-CoV-2 restrictions mitigation, we are experimenting the co-circulation of respiratory viruses along with SARS-CoV-2. This scenario is raising many concerns about possible virus-virus interactions, both positive and negative, and the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic management of these coinfections. Moreover, we cannot rule out that also climatic conditions and social behaviours are involved. Thus, this situation can lead to different population epidemic dynamics, including changes in the age of the targeted population, disease course and severity, highlighting the need for prospective epidemiologic studies and mathematical modelling able to predict the timing and magnitude of epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2/seasonal respiratory virus interactions in order to adjust better public health interventions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on viral interference during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Matera,

Manti,

Petrarca

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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“…We may suggest that although SARS-CoV-2 does not induce a strong IFN response, the low amount of IFN-λ produced might be sufficient to affect the growth of A/H1N1, which shows a tendency to be slightly more susceptible to type III IFN than A/H3N2. Nevertheless, the observation that SARS-CoV-2 could interfere with IAV is contradictory in several reports [22, 24–26, 36]. Differences in viral strains, host cells, timing of infections and study designs might explain these inconsistent results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral interference between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A viruses

Gilbert-Girard,

Piret,

Carbonneau

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Some respiratory viruses can cause a viral interference through the activation of the interferon (IFN) pathway that reduces the replication of another virus. Epidemiological studies of coinfections between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses have been hampered by non-pharmaceutical measures applied to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the ease of these interventions, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viruses can now co-circulate. It is thus of prime importance to characterize their interactions. In this work, we investigated viral interference effects between an Omicron variant and a contemporary influenza A/H3N2 strain, in comparison with an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus. We infected nasal human airway epitheliums with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, either simultaneously or 24 h apart. Viral load was measured by RT-qPCR and IFN-α/β/λ1/λ2 proteins were quantified by immunoassay. Expression of four interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; OAS1/IFITM3/ISG15/MxA) was also measured by RT-droplet digital PCR. Additionally, susceptibility of each virus to IFN-α/β/λ2 recombinant proteins was determined. Our results showed that influenza A, and especially A/H3N2, interfered with both SARS-CoV-2 viruses, but that SARS-CoV-2 only interfered with A/H1N1. Consistently with these results, influenza, and particularly the A/H3N2 strain, caused a higher production of IFN proteins and expression of ISGs than SARS-CoV-2. The IFN production induced by SARS-CoV-2 was marginal and its presence during coinfections with influenza was associated with a reduced IFN response. All viruses were susceptible to exogenous IFNs, with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron being less susceptible to type I and type III IFNs, respectively. Thus, influenza A causes a viral interference towards SARS-CoV-2 most likely through an IFN response. The opposite is not necessarily true, and a concurrent infection with both viruses leads to a lower IFN response. Taken together, these results help us to understand how SARS-CoV-2 interacts with another major respiratory pathogen.

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“…The authors also observed that the prior infection of this cell type by SARS-CoV-2 reduced the replication kinetics of both viruses. Pizzorno et al explored additional key factors in virus–virus interactions and demonstrated that superinfection with H1N1 slightly reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection, and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 had a substantial impact on primary RSV infection [ 77 ]. These findings reveal an essentially relevant point in the context of the interaction between other respiratory viruses and SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in Suspected COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional and Meta-Analysis Study

Costa

Gomes

Bittar

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections, such as influenza virus (FluV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), have contributed considerably to the burden of infectious diseases in the non-COVID-19 era. While the rates of co-infection in SARS-CoV-2-positive group (SCPG) patients have been determined, the burden of other respiratory viruses in the SARS-CoV-2-negative group (SCNG) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study (São José do Rio Preto county, Brazil), and we collected our data using a meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled prevalence of FluV and RSV among SCNG patients. Out of the 901 patients suspected of COVID-19, our molecular results showed positivity of FluV and RSV in the SCNG was 2% (15/733) and 0.27% (2/733), respectively. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and FluV, or RSV, was identified in 1.7% of the patients (3/168). Following our meta-analysis, 28 studies were selected (n = 114,318 suspected COVID-19 patients), with a pooled prevalence of 4% (95% CI: 3–6) for FluV and 2% (95% CI: 1–3) for RSV among SCNG patients were observed. Interestingly, FluV positivity in the SCNG was four times higher (OR = 4, 95% CI: 3.6–5.4, p < 0.01) than in the SCPG. Similarly, RSV positivity was significantly associated with SCNG patients (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 2–4, p < 0.01). For subgroup analysis, cold-like symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting, were positively associated (p < 0.05) with the SCPG. In conclusion, these results show that the pooled prevalence of FluV and RSV were significantly higher in the SCNG than in the SCPG during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Interactions Between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication and Major Respiratory Viruses in Human Nasal Epithelium

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

An overview on viral interference during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

An overview on viral interference during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Viral interference between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and influenza A viruses

Burden of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in Suspected COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional and Meta-Analysis Study

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