Interactions between splanchnic and vagus nerves in the control of mean intragastric pressure in the ferret.

Andrews, Paul; Lawes, I. N. C.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015257

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, in both gastric regions a sympathetic modulation of tone exists through inhibition of cholinergic activity, probably at a ganglionic site (Jansson & Lisander, 1969) and additionally a direct effect of gastric smooth muscle (Andrews & Lawes, 1984). Activation of both NANC inhibitory and sympathetic systems would tend to lower tone and Abrahamsson & Glise (1984) have suggested an interaction between the two to reduce intracorpus pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cannula with a flexible end and multiple opposed openings was introduced into the atrum via the duodenum and inflated with 1 ml 154 mM-NaCl. Both cannulae were attached to pressure transducers (Palmer CFP blood pressure monitor, Druck PDCR 75), the signal amplified (NeuroLog 108) and displayed on chart recorders (Bryans 28000, 27000, Gould BS-273 dependent on the position of the transducer, and care was taken to ensure that the pressure transducer was level with the supine animal's back (Andrews & Lawes, 1984). (2) observation and compared between experimental groups.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation of the mechanisms controlling gastric motility following chronic vagotomy in the ferret

Andrews

Bingham²

1990

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYChanges in gastric motility were studied in the urethane-anaesthetized ferret following acute or chronic (3 weeks) vagotomy. The stomach was divided into the corpus and antrum and the effects of vagotomy on tone, frequency and contraction amplitude were investigated separately in the two gastric regions. In the corpus tone is kept at low levels by vagal activation of nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurones and also tonic sympathetic inhibition of intramural cholinergic activity. Frequency of contractions is also low due to tonic inhibition of cholinergic neurones by the vagus but not the sympathetic nervous system. There appears to be little vagal involvement in contraction amplitude but there is sympathetic inhibition of this parameter again via inhibition of cholinergic neurones. In the antrum there is no vagally driven inhibition of tone but a sympathetic inhibition of cholinergic neurones tends to reduce tone in the intact animal. Frequency of contractions does not appear to be extrinsically modulated. The vagus is tonically excitatory with regard to contraction amplitude in the antrum whereas the sympathetic nervous system is inhibitory, again via inhibition of cholinergic neurones. After chronic vagotomy some adaptation appears to take place within the surviving control systems in both the corpus and the antrum. Changes in cholinergic function have been suggested previously and are corroborated in this study. In addition novel alterations in intrinsic NANC systems and the remaining sympathetic innervation have been demonstrated in both regions of the stomach which tended to reduce the effects of vagotomy and return values for the parameters measured toward those observed in intact animals. The contribution of the cholinergic, adrenergic and NANC neurotransmitter systems to the postvagotomy motility patterns differed in the corpus and antrum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Monitoring Of Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the mechanisms controlling gastric motility following chronic vagotomy in the ferret

Andrews

Bingham²

1990

Experimental Physiology

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“…Adrenergic stimulation, either pharmacological, as in our experiments, or physiological, as it occurs during stress (Stanghellini, Malagelada, Zinsmeister, Go & Kao, 1983), may induce gastric relaxation. Gastric relaxation has also been demonstrated in response to electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve (Andrews & Lawes, 1984). This adrenergically mediated relaxation may involve a dual effect: inhibition of acetylcholine release from intramural cholinergic neurones (a-receptors) and direct inhibition of the smooth muscle (fl-receptors) (Roman & Gonella, 1981).…”

Section: Vagal Input On Gastric Tone Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of vagal input in maintaining gastric tone in the dog.

Azpiroz

Malagelada

1987

The Journal of Physiology

107

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SUMMARY1. Using a gastric barostat to quantify variations in gastric tone, we had previously demonstrated that food ingestion or intestinal nutrient perfusion induces gastric relaxation. These data suggested a basal tonic contraction of the stomach during fasting.2. To determine the role of vagal input in maintaining fasting gastric tone, we prepared two chronic canine models, either isolating both cervical vagal trunks in a cutaneous tunnel or including the supradiaphragmatic vagi within an implanted cooling jacket. In the fasted conscious dogs, we then studied the effect, on gastric tone, of acute and reversible vagal blockade by cooling.3. Cervical vagal cooling produced a reversible gastric relaxation and increased the heart rate. Supradiaphragmatic vagal cooling produced a similar gastric relaxation without the cardiac effect.4. Adrenergic blockade did not change either the base-line gastric tone or the cooling-induced relaxation. Adrenaline decreased gastric tone, but vagal cooling still produced a significant relaxation.5. Atropine alone or combined with adrenergic antagonists produced a gastric relaxation that was not further increased by vagal cooling. Bethanechol increased gastric tone, an effect unchanged by vagal cooling.6. We conclude that gastric tone during fasting is maintained by a cholinergic input, which is vagally mediated at both the cervical and the supradiaphragmatic levels.

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“…Acute duodenal distention caused hypotony of the forestomach and abomasum. Some authors call this reaction the viscero-visceral inhibitory reflex during duodenal distention (Iggo and Leek, 1967;Andrews and Lawes, 1984;Cottrell and Iggo, 1984;Davison et al, 1984;De Ponti et al, 1987;Holzer and Raybould, 1992). In our opinion it is not a reaction of an organ against an organ but it is generalized stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Experimental intestinal stress induced by duodenal distention in sheep

Kania¹,

Zaremba-Rutkowska²,

Romanowicz³

1999

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The effect of various degrees of 5 min duodenum distention (performed with a balloon filled with 20, 30, 40 or 80 ml of water, DD 20-DD 80) on spike bursts and motility of the forestomach and abomasum was investigated in sheep which, under general anaesthesia, had electrodes inserted into the muscular layers of the forestomachs, abomasum and duodenum, as well as into fistulas in the muscular layers of the rumen.Duodenal distention of DD 20 to DD 30 ml did not change the frequency of spike bursts or reticulo-ruminal motility, but significantly increased the amplitude of contractions (F=74.40 and F=l 10.02; PO.001, respectively). In some animals a change in behaviour was observed (the animals shifted their weight from one foot to the other, urinated and/or defecated, looked around). Five min duodenal distention of DD 40 and DD 80 caused immediate and complete inhibition lasting for about 10 min of both the frequency of spike bursts and reticulo-ruminal contractions (F=43.46; PO.001 and F=44.37; PO.001, respectively) as well as of the amplitude of contractions (F= 142.25 and F=236.48; PO.001, respectively). All animals showed the following signs: stretching their bodies, bleating, gnashing of teeth, lying down, urinating and defecating. Blood plasma Cortisol level increased significantly during gastrointestinal motility inhibition from 16.23±1.12 to 42.7±7.2 (F=58.88; PO.001) during DD 40 and from 19.58±1.81 to 56.6 ±5.7 ngml" 1 30 min after the end of DD 80 ml (F=25.47; PO.001).Duodenal distention inhibited forestomach motility proportionately to the degree of distention (F=31.87; PO.001). This reaction is called the viscero-visceral inhibitory reflex. Moreover, it caused * Supported by State Committee for Scientific Research, Grant No 5PO6K0301 234 DUODENAL DISTENSION STRESS IN SHEEP a change in animal behaviour and a significant increase in the plasma Cortisol concentration, testifying to the fact that this is a general reaction to pain as a stressor.The obtained results show that the model is sufficient to cause stress. It also allows the gradation of stress intensity. It can be concluded, therefore, that the above model can be used in testing anticolic drugs.

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Interactions between splanchnic and vagus nerves in the control of mean intragastric pressure in the ferret.

Cited by 37 publications

References 22 publications

Adaptation of the mechanisms controlling gastric motility following chronic vagotomy in the ferret

Adaptation of the mechanisms controlling gastric motility following chronic vagotomy in the ferret

Importance of vagal input in maintaining gastric tone in the dog.

Experimental intestinal stress induced by duodenal distention in sheep

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