Interactions Between Therapeutics for Metabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Gut Microbiota

Ding, Qiyou; Tian, Jiaxing; Li, Min; Lian, Fengmei; Zhao, Linhua; Wei, Xiuxiu; Lin, Han Chieh; Zheng, Yujiao; Gao, Zezheng; Yang, Haoyu; Fang, Xuefeng; Tong, Xiaolin

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.530160

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(194 reference statements)

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“…Decreased amounts in obesity and diabetic patients vs. healthy individuals; higher quantity is associated with improvement in cardiac metabolic parameters in obesity [122] Lactobacillales, Bacteroides and Prevotella…”

Section: Type Of Bacteria Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Gutiérrez–Cuevas

Sandoval-Rodríguez

Meza-Ríos

et al. 2021

Cells

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Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals promote ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, and heart, among others, inducing insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These diseases are promoted by visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) dysfunction through an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. In the heart, obesity and T2D induce changes in substrate utilization, tissue metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to myocardial fibrosis and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity-linked CVD pathophysiology, considering pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones, as well as the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPARs. In addition, cell lines and animal models, biomarkers, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic modifications, and current therapeutic treatments in CVD associated with obesity are outlined in this paper.

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Section: Type Of Bacteria Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Gutiérrez–Cuevas

Sandoval-Rodríguez

Meza-Ríos

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…The main bacterial species in the gut, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium taxa, express the enzyme bile salt hydrolase (BSH), which deconjugates BAs from glycine and taurine [ 104 ]. According to research, intestinal inflammation [ 105 ], metabolic disorders such as diabetes [ 106 ], and cardiovascular disease [ 107 ] are pathologically determined by gut microorganisms and abundant BSH genes. Metabolite analysis of young stroke patients showed that their serum glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) concentration was significantly higher than that of healthy controls [ 108 ].…”

Section: Mechanism Of the Interactions Between The Gut Microbiota And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between the Gut and Brain in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Options

Huang¹,

Zhu

Song

et al. 2022

Mediators of Inflammation

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There has been a significant amount of interest in the past two decades in the study of the evolution of the gut microbiota, its internal and external impacts on the gut, and risk factors for cerebrovascular disorders such as cerebral ischemic stroke. The network of bidirectional communication between gut microorganisms and their host is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). There is mounting evidence that maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis can frequently enhance the effectiveness of ischemic stroke treatment by modulating immune, metabolic, and inflammatory responses through MGBA. To effectively monitor and cure ischemic stroke, restoring a healthy microbial ecology in the gut may be a critical therapeutic focus. This review highlights mechanistic insights on the MGBA in disease pathophysiology. This review summarizes the role of MGBA signaling in the development of stroke risk factors such as aging, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, as well as changes in the microbiota in experimental or clinical populations. In addition, this review also examines dietary changes, the administration of probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as treatment options for ischemic stroke as potential health benefits. It will become more apparent how the MGBA affects human health and disease with continuing advancements in this emerging field of biomedical sciences.

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“…The gut microbiota is an important environmental factor and there is increasingly concrete evidence that the activity and composition of the gut microbiota are closely related to health. 52,53 The gut microbiota is hypothesized to participate in nutrient and energy uptake, modulate the innate immune system, and produce a wide variety of small-molecule metabolites that are detected by host receptor systems to regulate host metabolism and inflammatory pathways linked to CVD. 52,53 In addition to direct interactions, the gut microbiota can indirectly interact with the host via metabolites, which can appear in the circulation and in the urine.…”

Section: Role Of Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subclinical Vascular Damage: Current Insights and Future Potential

Mattioli¹,

Coppi²,

Manenti³

et al. 2021

VHRM

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The cardiovascular risk assessment must be carried out during all the different phases of life because the cardiovascular risk and the related prevention actions are dynamic and constantly evolving. As patients age, they change their exposure to various risk factors and accumulate comorbidities by changing their subjective cardiovascular risk, so it is necessary to undertake personalized early and preventive diagnostic actions. The main approach to asymptomatic vascular disease is based on primary prevention with the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Indeed, lifestyle influences most of the traditional risk factors. In recent years, important differences between the sexes regarding cardiovascular risk factors have emerged and in particular, risk factors specific for female sex have been identified. Women are more likely to be categorized into lower risk categories for cardiovascular disease and, as a result, receive less lifestyle counseling than men, as well as less intensive prevention. This narrative review aims to analyze CVD risk prevention in asymptomatic atherosclerosis with a look at new emerging factors. In the end, we quickly analyzed the effects of the recent pandemic on lifestyle and cardiovascular risk and the potential negative effects in the long term.

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Interactions Between Therapeutics for Metabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Gut Microbiota

Cited by 21 publications

References 174 publications

Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge

Crosstalk between the Gut and Brain in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Options

Subclinical Vascular Damage: Current Insights and Future Potential

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