Interactions in NOX chemistry during fluidized bed co-combustion of residual biomass and sewage sludge

Ulusoy, Burak; Anicic, Bozidar; Lin, Weigang; Lu, Bona; Wang, Wei; Dam‐Johansen, Kim; Wu, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120431

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This was to some extent reflected in a slightly lower concentration of NH 3 at later stages of combustion. These differences may be attributed to the catalytic influence of ash on the light gas-N oxidation , and/or to mixing limitations. Mixing limitations in the bed may be caused by the formation of a sticky molten layer on the bed particles leading to the formation of agglomerates.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 depicts the bubbling fluidized bed reactor used for continuous combustion experiments, described in our previous work. 33 In all experiments, the concentrations of CO 2 , CO, O 2 , and NO in the flue gas were measured using gas analyzers (NGA2000, Fischer-Rosemount). As the contribution of NO 2 to the total NO X was less than 1%, this was not further considered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multifunctional Additives for NO_X Abatement in Fluidized Bed Biomass Combustion

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two major challenges in fluid bed combustion of biomass are increased NO X emissions and bed agglomeration. Different additives were employed to simultaneously reduce NO X emissions and bed agglomeration from the fluidized bed combustion of biomass. The base fuel was straw, and the additives included CaO, kaolin, MgCO 3 , coal fly ash, clay, (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , NH 4 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , NH 4 MgPO 4 , AlNH 4 (SO 4 ) 2 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , (NH 4 ) 3 [Fe(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ], and urea. The influence of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 particle size (<35 and <106 μm) and introduction method (batch addition or premixing with fuel) was additionally investigated. The most effective additives against NO X emissions and bed agglomeration were further studied in air staged straw combustion and unstaged sunflower husk combustion. During sunflower husk combustion, the influence of ash accumulation and incipient defluidization on NO X emissions were examined. The results show that kaolin, CaO, MgCO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , NH 4 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 , AlNH 4 (SO 4 ) 2 , and NH 4 MgPO 4 prevented defluidization during straw combustion under the investigated conditions. Of these, AlNH 4 (SO 4 ) 2 and NH 4 MgPO 4 reduced the fuel-N to NO conversion by 40%. The mechanism of reduction was related to the facilitation of thermal DeNO X reactions by the introduction of NH 3 -releasing additives. However, the NH-based additives resulted in higher emissions of N 2 O. The size of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 particles had a slight influence on the defluidization tendency and nitrogen chemistry, while no significant difference was observed between the two additive introduction methods. Air staging reduced the fuel-N to NO conversion by 40% during straw combustion. The use of NH 4 MgPO 4 and AlNH 4 (SO 4 ) 2 under air staged conditions increased the NO emission slightly. This was predominantly caused by the combustion of NH 3 in the secondary air jet. In the case of unstaged sunflower husk combustion, NH 4 MgPO 4 and AlNH 4 (SO 4 ) 2 prevented defluidization while reducing the conversion of fuel-N to NO by 30%. During sunflower husk combustion, the accumulation of ash increased NO and decreased NH 3 concentrations above the bed. This was related to the poor mixing as the bed approached defluidization and to the catalytic effect of ash forming elements on the oxidation of NH 3 to NO.

show abstract

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multifunctional Additives for NO_X Abatement in Fluidized Bed Biomass Combustion

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since no systematic compilation of phosphorus-rich biomass is available in the literature, the data for 96 different biomasses from studies relating to thermal conversion are compiled in this review (refs , , , , – , , , , , , – ). The amount of phosphorus in these biomasses is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Phosphorus In Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phosphorus is vital for all life, which means that phosphorus is present in all biomass to some extent. Some types of biomass, such as certain agricultural residues, animal biomass, and sewage sludge, contain high levels of phosphorus. In thermal conversion of biomass, high levels of phosphorus can cause various operational problems. Extensive work has been carried out to understand the phosphorus chemistry taking place at higher temperatures. However, until now, knowledge about transformation chemistry and fate of phosphorus during thermal conversion of biomass was not easily accessible in one place. In this work, the outcome of an extensive literature review has been summarized. First, an introduction to the role of phosphorus in biomass, and in what forms it may be present, is given. Different analytical techniques relevant for characterization of phosphorus in biomass, biomass char, and biomass ash are described. A classification of phosphorus-rich biomass is proposed, and the potential of different phosphorus-rich biomass types is presented. To provide a common basis for the field of high-temperature phosphorus chemistry, fundamental chemistry relevant for thermal conversion of biomass is first discussed. This includes the gas phase chemistry and reaction pathways of light phosphorus species, pyrolysis, and combustion of organophosphorus compounds, and solid, liquid, and gaseous interactions with other ash-forming elements. Thereafter, an in-depth review of phosphorus transformations in biomass, including decomposition of organic phosphorus, ash transformations in the condensed phase, release to the gas phase, and formation of particulate matter in the flue gas follows. Finally, the review covers research focusing on phosphorus in different application aspects, such as the use of phosphorus as an additive to mitigate operational problems related to slag and deposit formation, the behavior of phosphorus in fluidized bed technologies, corrosion, and the deactivation of SCR catalysts.

show abstract

“…Qi et al 28 investigated the co-combustion performance and slagging characteristics of Zhundong coal and sludge, and their results confirmed an interaction between Zhundong coal and sludge and improved performance due to an Na catalytic action. Ulusoy et al 29 evaluated the interactions in NO x chemistry during straw-sewage sludge co-combustion in a fluidized bed and found that NO emissions were reduced in the early stage due to the release of NH 3 from the sludge. Zou et al 30 investigated oxy-fuel co-combustion of coal and oil sludge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐combustion characteristics of black liquor and waste oil sludge

Chen

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, the co-combustion of black liquor and oil sludge is investigated.The properties of the fuels are analyzed, and the co-combustion characteristics are explored by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). The synergistic effect, activation energy as well as gas yield are also studied from TG-FTIR results. The results show that the addition of oil sludge can promote the reaction in the early stage, as indicated by the combustion characteristic index and the flammability index. The TG-FTIR also shows that the swelling behavior of black liquor appears to block the release of volatile matter. The weaker SO 2 emission and XRF analysis for the black liquor indicate that most of the sulfur remained in the ash. A positive synergy effect existed in the early stage, and the activation energy decreased with the addition of oil sludge. Distinct stages could be observed in the single pellet combustion experiments. Adding oil sludge to the black liquor promoted surface bubbles and ash melting. Surface bubbles indicate more volatile breaks through the plastic state layer formed on the black liquor and increase the reaction. However, adding oil sludge should be controlled to reduce the hindrance to the reaction due to ash melting.

show abstract

Interactions in NOX chemistry during fluidized bed co-combustion of residual biomass and sewage sludge

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Multifunctional Additives for NO_X Abatement in Fluidized Bed Biomass Combustion

Multifunctional Additives for NO_X Abatement in Fluidized Bed Biomass Combustion

Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

Co‐combustion characteristics of black liquor and waste oil sludge

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Interactions in NOX chemistry during fluidized bed co-combustion of residual biomass and sewage sludge

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Multifunctional Additives for NOX Abatement in Fluidized Bed Biomass Combustion

Multifunctional Additives for NOX Abatement in Fluidized Bed Biomass Combustion

Review of Phosphorus Chemistry in the Thermal Conversion of Biomass: Progress and Perspectives

Co‐combustion characteristics of black liquor and waste oil sludge

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Multifunctional Additives for NO_X Abatement in Fluidized Bed Biomass Combustion

Multifunctional Additives for NO_X Abatement in Fluidized Bed Biomass Combustion