Interactions of focal cortical lesions with error processing: Evidence from event-related brain potentials.

Ullsperger, Markus; Cramon, D. Yves von; Müller, Notger G.

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.16.4.548

Cited by 84 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The ERN is supposed to be the main electrophysiological "output signal" of this performancemonitoring network. Indeed, it has been shown that lesion damage to many of the regions found in our conjunction analysis severely attenuate or fully diminish the ERN (Ullsperger et al, 2002;Stemmer et al, 2004;Seifert et al, 2011), and the same is true for the white-matter tracts connecting these areas (Hogan et al, 2006). Similar effects could be predicted for the novelty-N2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Surprise and Error: Common Neuronal Architecture for the Processing of Errors and Novelty

et al. 2012

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According to recent accounts, the processing of errors and generally infrequent, surprising (novel) events share a common neuroanatomical substrate. Direct empirical evidence for this common processing network in humans is, however, scarce. To test this hypothesis, we administered a hybrid error-monitoring/novelty-oddball task in which the frequency of novel, surprising trials was dynamically matched to the frequency of errors. Using scalp electroencephalographic recordings and event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared neural responses to errors with neural responses to novel events. In Experiment 1, independent component analysis of scalp ERP data revealed a common neural generator implicated in the generation of both the error-related negativity (ERN) and the novelty-related frontocentral N2. In Experiment 2, this pattern was confirmed by a conjunction analysis of event-related fMRI, which showed significantly elevated BOLD activity following both types of trials in the posterior medial frontal cortex, including the anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), the neuronal generator of the ERN. Together, these findings provide direct evidence of a common neural system underlying the processing of errors and novel events. This appears to be at odds with prominent theories of the ERN and aMCC. In particular, the reinforcement learning theory of the ERN may need to be modified because it may not suffice as a fully integrative model of aMCC function. Whenever course and outcome of an action violates expectancies (not necessarily related to reward), the aMCC seems to be engaged in evaluating the necessity of behavioral adaptation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Surprise and Error: Common Neuronal Architecture for the Processing of Errors and Novelty

et al. 2012

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“…Thus, at least in some tasks pMFC seems to be more directly linked to adjustment processes in stimulus-encoding areas than DLPFC. It has been suggested that lateral prefrontal areas maintain task-representations (Gehring and Knight, 2000;Ullsperger et al, 2002;Ullsperger and von Cramon, 2006) that are strengthened after conflict or errors (Botvinick et al, 2001). Although pMFC and DLPFC activations occur in close temporal proximity, there might be several intermediate neuronal steps between monitoring in pMFC and the updating of task-representations in DLPFC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex Activity Predicts Post-Error Adaptations in Task-Related Visual and Motor Areas

et al. 2011

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As Seneca the Younger put it, "To err is human, but to persist is diabolical." To prevent repetition of errors, human performance monitoring often triggers adaptations such as general slowing and/or attentional focusing. The posterior medial frontal cortex (pMFC) is assumed to monitor performance problems and to interact with other brain areas that implement the necessary adaptations. Whereas previous research showed interactions between pMFC and lateral-prefrontal regions, here we demonstrate that upon the occurrence of errors the pMFC selectively interacts with perceptual and motor regions and thereby drives attentional focusing toward task-relevant information and induces motor adaptation observed as post-error slowing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data from an interference task reveal that error-related pMFC activity predicts the following: (1) subsequent activity enhancement in perceptual areas encoding task-relevant stimulus features; (2) activity suppression in perceptual areas encoding distracting stimulus features; and (3) post-error slowing-related activity decrease in the motor system. Additionally, diffusion-weighted imaging revealed a correlation of individual post-error slowing and white matter integrity beneath pMFC regions that are connected to the motor inhibition system, encompassing right inferior frontal gyrus and subthalamic nucleus. Thus, disturbances in task performance are remedied by functional interactions of the pMFC with multiple task-related brain regions beyond prefrontal cortex that result in a broad repertoire of adaptive processes at perceptual as well as motor levels.

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“…Physiologically, error detection is accompanied by skin conductance responses and changes in heart rate (Hajcak et al, 2003(Hajcak et al, , 2004, and both ACC and (especially) the insula are implicated in such responses (Kuniecki et al, 2003), as well as in cortisol and energy (glucose) regulation (Allport et al, 2004;Christensen et al, 2004;Ottowitz et al, 2004) and errorrelated processes (Menon et al, 2001). Additionally, both ACC and insula have a necessary role in the normal occurrence of the ERN (Ullsperger et al, 2002;Ullsperger and Cramon, in press) and are implicated by neuroimaging studies in depersonalization (Lanius et al, 2005;Phillips et al, 2001) and in risk-avoidance and punishment in relation to neuroticism (Paulus et al, 2003). Interestingly, administration of the anxiolytic benzodiazepine lorazepam has been related to decreased cortisol mobilization (Collomp et al, 1994;Hellhammer et al, 1988), decreased ERN amplitude (De Bruijn et al, 2004) and decreased insula activity (Paulus et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task engagement and the relationships between the error-related negativity, agreeableness, behavioral shame proneness and cortisol

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Boksem

Wester

et al. 2006

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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SummaryPrevious results suggest that both cortisol mobilization and the errorrelated negativity (ERN/Ne) reflect goal engagement, i.e. the mobilization and allocation of attentional and physiological resources. Personality measures of negative affectivity have been associated both to high cortisol levels and large ERN/Ne amplitudes. However, measures of positive social adaptation and agreeableness have also been related to high cortisol levels and large ERN/Ne amplitudes. We hypothesized that, as long as they relate to concerns over social evaluation and mistakes, both personality measures reflecting positive affectivity (e.g. agreeableness) and those reflecting negative affectivity (e.g. behavioral shame proneness) would be associated with an increased likelihood of high task engagement, and hence to increased cortisol mobilization and ERN/Ne amplitudes. We had female subjects perform a flanker task while EEG was recorded. Additionally, the subjects filled out questionnaires measuring mood and personality, and salivary cortisol immediately before and after task performance was measured. The overall pattern of relationships between our measures supports the hypothesis that cortisol mobilization and ERN/Ne amplitude reflect task engagement, and both relate positively to each other and to the personality traits agreeableness and behavioral shame proneness. We discuss the potential importance of engagement-disengagement and of concerns over social evaluation for research on psychopathology, stress and the ERN/Ne.

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Interactions of focal cortical lesions with error processing: Evidence from event-related brain potentials.

Cited by 84 publications

References 57 publications

Surprise and Error: Common Neuronal Architecture for the Processing of Errors and Novelty

Surprise and Error: Common Neuronal Architecture for the Processing of Errors and Novelty

Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex Activity Predicts Post-Error Adaptations in Task-Related Visual and Motor Areas

Task engagement and the relationships between the error-related negativity, agreeableness, behavioral shame proneness and cortisol

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