Interactions of Fox proteins with inflammatory transcription-factor pathways

Abstract

The forkhead (Fox) protein family includes a wide diversity of 'winged helix' transcription factors, now known to play critical roles in immune homeostasis. Although Foxp3 remains the most widely studied member for its role in the development and/or function of regulatory T cells, which extrinsically modulate the activity of effector leukocytes, other family members, such as Foxj1, Foxo3a and Foxd1, have received growing attention for their importance in the cell-intrinsic regulation of immune homeostasis, especially in T cells, by antagonizing the activity of proinflammatory transcription-factor pathways, such as the nuclear factor-kappaB or nuclear factor of activated T-cell families. This review summarizes a present understanding of these factors in this context.

The Emerging Role of Sperm-Associated Antigen 6 Gene in the Microtubule Function of Cells and Cancer

“…The SRY-related high mobility group box or SOX family of transcription factors regulates the development of retinal, muscle, endothelial, epidermal, intestinal, lymphoid, and cartilaginous tissues, 53 and a 48-kDa SOX5 protein (S-SOX5) that is encoded by a SOX5 gene in particular has been associated with SPAG6 regulation 54 . Forkhead box J1 (FOXJ1) is a transcriptional factor that participates in several cellular processes including immune homeostasis and tumorigenesis 55 . S-SOX5 and FOXJ1 synergistically upregulate spag6 promoter activity, 56 and therefore may mediate cilia/flagella biogenesis by globally regulating the expression of axon protein-encoding genes 52 .…”

“…54 Forkhead box J1 (FOXJ1) is a transcriptional factor that participates in several cellular processes including immune homeostasis and tumorigenesis. 55 S-SOX5 and FOXJ1 synergistically upregulate spag6 promoter activity, 56 and therefore may mediate cilia/flagella biogenesis by globally regulating the expression of axon protein-encoding genes. 52 Pf20 is co-expressed with SPAG6 in microtubules during polymerization, and transient scrotal heat can affect SPAG6 expression.…”

Deregulated FOX genes in Hodgkin lymphoma

“…Furthermore, FOXN1 is involved in the development of thymus and T-cells, and FOXP3 represents the master differentiation factor in regulatory T-cell development (Zook et al, 2011;Lam et al, 2013). Additional known FOX genes expressed during hematopoiesis comprise FOXD1, FOXJ1, FOXO3, and FOXQ1 (Jonsson and Peng, 2005;Peng, 2006).…”