Interactions of hydrophilic birch wood (Betula pendula Roth) extractives with adhesives for load-bearing timber structures

Engelhardt, Max; Böger, Thomas; Gigl, Michael; Meng, Chen; Soprunyuk, Viktor; Schranz, W.; Richter, Klaus; Sánchez‐Ferrer, Antoni

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2023.103447

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives

2023

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2023.103447

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Interactions of hydrophilic birch wood (Betula pendula Roth) extractives with adhesives for load-bearing timber structures

Max Engelhardt

Thomas Böger

Michael Gigl

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Adhesion-related properties of silver birch (Betula Pendula Roth) wood as affected by hydrophilic extraction

Engelhardt,

Gilg,

Richter

et al. 2024

Wood Sci Technol

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For the utilization of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in load-bearing engineered wood products (EWPs), reliable bonding in production is a prerequisite. The current knowledge regarding the bonding of birch in EWP applications is limited. Extractives are considered a general factor of attention when securing bonding quality. Thus, in this study, the effects of hydrophilic extractives on several adhesion-related bulk and surface properties of silver birch wood were studied, e.g., vapor sorption, swelling behavior, microstructure, wettability, and mechanical properties. The extraction procedure slightly affected vapor sorption causing a reduction in swelling pressure. The extraction also led to a lower Young's modulus, as seen by compression tests. Control experiments with vapor-treated specimens, however, indicated that the effects were originating from the water imbibition and not due to the removal of extractives per se. This was supported by X-ray diffraction results, which were similarly affected by both vapor and extraction treatment. Therefore, the results indicate that the hygric history of the specimens was affecting the wood due to plasticization, increasing mobility, and thereby likely allowing biopolymer reconfiguration and subsequent quenching during re-drying, even though surface-free energy and wettability were not considerably affected. The extent to which these changes appear permanently or temporarily remains an open research question.

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Adhesion-related properties of silver birch (Betula Pendula Roth) wood as affected by hydrophilic extraction

Engelhardt,

Gilg,

Richter

et al. 2024

Wood Sci Technol

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Mechanical and morphological bond line properties of silver birch wood pretreated by aqueous extraction

Engelhardt,

Böger,

Gigl

et al. 2024

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology

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Bonding Characteristics of CLT Made from Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth.), European Aspen (Populus tremula L.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) Wood

Gašparík,

Das,

Kytka

et al. 2024

Forests

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This paper deals with the bonding characteristics of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels made of Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), European aspen (Populus tremula L.), and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) wood. Three-layered single-species CLT panels were manufactured using birch, aspen, and spruce lamellae bonded with a one-component polyurethane (PUR) adhesive. Spruce CLT panels were used as reference. The bonding characteristics of CLT were assessed based on bond shear strength, total and maximum delamination, and wood failure percentage. The reference spruce CLT met both criteria (Delamtot ≤ 10%, Delammax ≤ 40%) for passing the delamination test, where up to 80% of the test samples passed. The aspen and birch CLTs met the criterion for maximum delamination (26.5% and 33.2%, respectively), but exceeded the maximum allowed value for total delamination (12.7% and 13.2%, respectively). However, the minimum requirement of 70% wood failure percentage (WFP) was met for all CLT types, with aspen CLTs achieving 83.7% and birch CLTs 76.9%. The spruce CLTs achieved an average bond shear strength of 1.9 N/mm2, while both hardwood CLTs had significantly higher values, with the aspen CLT at 3.3 N/mm2 and the birch CLT at up to 3.9 N/mm2. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that cross-laminated timber (CLT) made from hardwoods like aspen and birch is suitable for environments with low humidity fluctuations.

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Interactions of hydrophilic birch wood (Betula pendula Roth) extractives with adhesives for load-bearing timber structures

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Adhesion-related properties of silver birch (Betula Pendula Roth) wood as affected by hydrophilic extraction

Adhesion-related properties of silver birch (Betula Pendula Roth) wood as affected by hydrophilic extraction

Mechanical and morphological bond line properties of silver birch wood pretreated by aqueous extraction

Bonding Characteristics of CLT Made from Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth.), European Aspen (Populus tremula L.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) Wood

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