2009
DOI: 10.1007/s10535-009-0042-y
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Interactions of lichens with heavy metals

Abstract: Recent developments in knowledge about the interactions between lichens and heavy metals at different levels, from populations to cells and from ecology to molecular biology are reviewed. Sources of heavy metals, mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and detoxification by lichens are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on ultrastructural changes as well as physiological parameters such as membrane integrity, pigment composition, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthesis, respiration, contents of ATP, amino… Show more

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Cited by 200 publications
(133 citation statements)
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“…Caperatic acid is an aliphatic acid which is not detectable by the HPLC method used in this study. Lichen metabolites play an important role in tolerance of lichens to metal pollution (Bačkor and Loppi 2009). Some reports say that compounds located in the medulla (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Caperatic acid is an aliphatic acid which is not detectable by the HPLC method used in this study. Lichen metabolites play an important role in tolerance of lichens to metal pollution (Bačkor and Loppi 2009). Some reports say that compounds located in the medulla (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ever since the industrial revolution in the 1800s lichens have been recognized as bioindicators of air quality and, nowadays, they are commonly used to indicate the presence of air pollutants. More recently, lichens have also been used as biomonitors, in experiments measuring the lichen physiological responses to atmospheric pollution over time and providing additional information about the amount and intensity of the exposure (Garty et al 2003, Bačkor and Loppi 2009, Paoli et al 2015a. So far, they have been used as biomonitors of atmospheric pollution from different sources (Loppi et al 2004, Branquino et al 2008, Lackovičová et al 2013, Paoli et al 2015b).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, this assumption has been questioned in some works [10][11][12][13]. The sources of heavy metals, the mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation and detoxification by lichens, and lichen's bioaccumulation capacity have been discussed in a number of works [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The biochemical composition, physiological processes, anatomical and morphological characteristics, population structure, species composition, and structure of lichen communities change under the influence of pollutants.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[10]), and many species are important colonisers of degraded soil [11]. Since different lichen taxa display different levels of sensitivity to heavy metals, the presence of particular elements in the environment may produce changes at the community level [12]. Lichens from various genera, including Cladonia, are known to tolerate heavy metal contamination and grow in both polluted and unpolluted areas (see [13,14]).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%