Interactions of microwaves with alumina surface in microwave-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Plasma emission intensity expansion of Zr metal and Zr oxide via microwave enhancement laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] We also reported enhancements in the volume and plasma lifetime without increasing the size of the ablation crater, which is essential for reducing toxic fumes. 18 Furthermore, the sustained expansion of the plasma in space was easily controlled for the duration of microwave energy. 20 In addition, amplication of the molecular excitations in the air breakdown at atmospheric pressure was also observed, which is important for the isotopic determination of the weight composition of uranium in the debris mixture.…”

“…The 3D microscope created a 3D rendered image of the ablation which could quantitatively measure the crater diameter, maximum depth, bump height, and volume for both sample types. 18…”

“…To compensate for the reduction in plasma emission intensity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by radiation effects and long-distance operation, emission intensities were enhanced using microwaves in LIBS. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The feasibility of microwave enhancement has been demonstrated for alumina, lead, zirconium (Zr) metal, gadolinium pure solids, gadolinium compressed powder mixtures, and stainless steel, resulting in an increased SNR of almost three orders of magnitude. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] We also reported enhancements in the volume and plasma lifetime without increasing the size of the ablation crater, which is essential for reducing toxic fumes.…”

“…[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] The feasibility of microwave enhancement has been demonstrated for alumina, lead, zirconium (Zr) metal, gadolinium pure solids, gadolinium compressed powder mixtures, and stainless steel, resulting in an increased SNR of almost three orders of magnitude. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] We also reported enhancements in the volume and plasma lifetime without increasing the size of the ablation crater, which is essential for reducing toxic fumes. 18 Furthermore, the sustained expansion of the plasma in space was easily controlled for the duration of microwave energy.…”

Analysis of gadolinium oxide using microwave-enhanced fiber-coupled micro-laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

“…Microwave-enhanced LIBS (MWE-LIBS) overcomes the emerging challenges of the in-core detection applications of LIBS through enhanced emission 15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] . As the microwave propagates into the laser-induced plasma, the excitation and recombination of atoms are driven into a cyclic process by the acceleration of free electrons.…”