Interactions of multiple metrics and environmental indicators to assess processes, detect environmental hotspots, and guide future development

Abstract

The sustainable development in pharmaceutical industries relies on the selection and integration of detailed, unified metrics and indicators. This is particularly important when addressing environmental hotspots, with assessments ideally conducted...

Graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for decarboxylative C(sp2)-C(sp3) couplings via nickel catalysis

“…42 We calculated the Total Carbon Release (TCR), a metric developed by Novartis to assess the environmental impact of chemical processes, for the two procedures, providing a breakdown of the contribution from solvent, reagents, and photocatalyst (Scheme 4B). 43,44 Whilst the TCR (kgCO2eq/kg) we calculated from solvent and reagents was approximately equal for both procedures, the contribution from the photocatalyst differs greatly. In the case of iridium, the contribution is 491 kgCO2eq/kg, accounting for over 50% of the TCR of the entire process.…”

The impact of earth-abundant metals as a replacement for Pd in cross coupling reactions

“…6 , which is representative of a relative comparison). Using a straightforward LCA-like assessment 17 that includes the many reaction variables and environmental issues involved clearly indicate that cost considerations, natural abundance, and/or the argument focused on the environmental impact of metal mining used so frequently in many literature reports have to be put into perspective; that is, the points made in all of these papers and symposia are oftentimes not the key determining factors. Rather, it may be ideal going forward to further develop EAM catalysis using water as the reaction medium.…”

“… 35 Clearly, a more careful and extensive rather than superficial analysis including data-based environmental indicators along with additional factors such as the sustainable development goals (SDGs), 36 as well as health and safety concerns, resource scarcity, and energy consumption must be taken into account prior to drawing conclusions. This recently developed tool for such an analysis at Novartis 17 has helped in providing additional insight regarding various processes, and enabling opportunities for developing chemistry guided towards more impactful directions based on the use of better and broader environmental metrics being applied to this and other important topics. It is hoped, therefore, that this contribution will trigger the inclusion of such assessment in future efforts by the chemistry community reflecting greater accuracy and practicality.…”

“…The model reaction associated with the paper appearing in Organic Letters on this topic is representative of this goal (Scheme 1). 16 According to a recently published LCA-like method to determine the environmental footprint of reactions, 17 we looked at the mass balance for preparation of the catalyst, including the preparation of the ligand, both coupling partners, including the preparation of the boronic acid from 3-bromothiophene, and the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction as reported, and normalized everything to the preparation of 1 kg of nal product, 5-(thiophen-3-yl) pyrimidine, as functional unit, serving as reference basis for all calculations in this impact assessment (Scheme 1). Using this approach the consumption of energy is also included for the preparation of all material's while the energy consumption for the performed reactions themself are excluded.…”

Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Photocatalyst for Decarboxylative C(sp2)−C(sp3) Couplings via Nickel Catalysis

“…lated the Total Carbon Release (TCR), a developed by Novartis to assess the environmental impact of chemical processes, for the two procedures, providing a breakdown of the contribution from solvent, reagents, and photocatalyst (Scheme 4B). [46,47] Whilst the TCR (kgCO 2 eq/kg) we calculated from solvent and reagents was approximately equal for both procedures, the contribution from the photocatalyst differs greatly. In the case of iridium, the contribution is 491 kgCO 2 eq/kg, accounting for over 50 % of the TCR of the entire process.…”