Interactions of Mycoplasmalike Organisms and Viruses in Dually Infected Leafhoppers, Planthoppers and Plants

Banttari, E. E.; Zeyen, R. J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-470280-6.50012-x

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited plant pathogens that are found primarily in the sieve elements of infected plants. Phytoplasmal diseases are spread primarily by sap-sucking insect vectors belonging to the families Cicadellidea (leafhoppers) and Fulgoridea (planthoppers) (6,15,57,135,168). Insects feed on phloem tissues, where they acquire phytoplasmas and transmit them from plant to plant.…”

Section: Transmission and Spread Of Phytoplasmal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes

Lee

Davis

Gundersen‐Rindal

2000

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

826

699

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During the past decade, research has yielded new knowledge about the plant and insect host ranges, geographical distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of phytoplasmas, and a taxonomic system has emerged in which distinct phytoplasmas are named as separate "Candidatus phytoplasma species." In large part, this progress has resulted from the development and use of molecular methods to detect, identify, and classify phytoplasmas. While these advances continue, research has recently begun on the phytoplasma genome, how phytoplasmas cause disease, the role of mixed phytoplasmal infections in plant diseases, and molecular/genetic phenomena that underlie symptom development in plants. These and other recent advances are laying the foundation for future progress in understanding the mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, organization of the phytoplasma genome, evolution of new phytoplasma strains and emergence of new diseases, bases of insect transmissibility and specificity of transmission, and plant gene expression in response to phytoplasmal infection, as well as the design of novel approaches to achieve effective control of phytoplasmal diseases.

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Section: Transmission and Spread Of Phytoplasmal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes

Lee

Davis

Gundersen‐Rindal

2000

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

826

699

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“…Yellow disease of plant presumed earlier to be caused by virus, however could not be visualized in affected plants . Japanese scientists were the first to describe phytoplasma as the plant pathogens responsible for yellow disease (Doi et al, 1967) Phytoplasma are surrounded by a single-unit membrane, lack rigid cell wall, pleomorphic in shape with an average diameter of 0.2-0.8μm (Doi et al, 1967;McCoy et al, 1989) and transmitted by sap sucking insect vectors belonging to the families Cicadellidea (leaf hopper) and Fulgoridea (plant hopper) (Banttari and Zeyea, 1979), vegetative propagation through grafts, cuttings, storage tuber, rhizome or bulb . However, unlike viruses they are not transmitted mechanically by inoculation with phytoplasma containing sap from affected plants.…”

Section: Issn: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sesame Phyllody Disease: Symptomatology and Disease Incidence

Vamshi¹,

Devi²,

Rao³

et al. 2018

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…The feeding range of leafhoppers can vary considerably, with some species exhibiting a high degree of polyphagy, while others specialize exclusively on only one or a few plant species (Weintraub & Beanland, 2006; Wilson & Weintraub, 2007). Leafhoppers are also primary vectors for many viral (e.g., plant viruses) and bacterial (e.g., phytoplasmas) plant pathogens, causing enormous economic losses in agricultural and horticultural industries (Banttari & Zeyen, 1979; Chasen et al., 2015; Greenway, 2022; Hogenhout, Ammar, et al., 2008; Nielson, 1979; Tsai, 1979; Weintraub & Beanland, 2006). Remarkably, however, leafhoppers depend on non‐pathogenic, beneficial bacteria to feed on plants in the first place (Buchner, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leafhoppers are also primary vectors for many viral (e.g., plant viruses) and bacterial (e.g., phytoplasmas) plant pathogens, causing enormous economic losses in agricultural and horticultural industries (Banttari & Zeyen, 1979;Chasen et al, 2015;Greenway, 2022;Nielson, 1979;Tsai, 1979;Weintraub & Beanland, 2006). Remarkably, however, leafhoppers depend on non-pathogenic, beneficial bacteria to feed on plants in the first place (Buchner, 1965).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilineatus) reveals the role of environment and microbial symbiosis in shaping pest insect genome evolution

Vasquez,

Li,

Xue

et al. 2023

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Leafhoppers comprise over 20,000 plant‐sap feeding species, many of which are important agricultural pests. Most species rely on two ancestral bacterial symbionts, Sulcia and Nasuia, for essential nutrition lacking in their phloem and xylem plant sap diets. To understand how pest leafhopper genomes evolve and are shaped by microbial symbioses, we completed a chromosomal‐level assembly of the aster leafhopper's genome (ALF; Macrosteles quadrilineatus). We compared ALF's genome to three other pest leafhoppers, Nephotettix cincticeps, Homalodisca vitripennis, and Empoasca onukii, which have distinct ecologies and symbiotic relationships. Despite diverging ~155 million years ago, leafhoppers have high levels of chromosomal synteny and gene family conservation. Conserved genes include those involved in plant chemical detoxification, resistance to various insecticides, and defence against environmental stress. Positive selection acting upon these genes further points to ongoing adaptive evolution in response to agricultural environments. In relation to leafhoppers' general dependence on symbionts, species that retain the ancestral symbiont, Sulcia, displayed gene enrichment of metabolic processes in their genomes. Leafhoppers with both Sulcia and its ancient partner, Nasuia, showed genomic enrichment in genes related to microbial population regulation and immune responses. Finally, horizontally transferred genes (HTGs) associated with symbiont support of Sulcia and Nasuia are only observed in leafhoppers that maintain symbionts. In contrast, HTGs involved in non‐symbiotic functions are conserved across all species. The high‐quality ALF genome provides deep insights into how host ecology and symbioses shape genome evolution and a wealth of genetic resources for pest control targets.

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Interactions of Mycoplasmalike Organisms and Viruses in Dually Infected Leafhoppers, Planthoppers and Plants

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes

Phytoplasma: Phytopathogenic Mollicutes

Sesame Phyllody Disease: Symptomatology and Disease Incidence

Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the aster leafhopper (Macrosteles quadrilineatus) reveals the role of environment and microbial symbiosis in shaping pest insect genome evolution

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