Interactions of N6-( 2-Isopentenyl)adenine with Cyclic AMP on the Regulation of Growth and  -Galactosidase Synthesis in Escherichia coli

Coppola, Salvatore; Zoina, A.; Marino, Paolo

doi:10.1099/00221287-94-2-436

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It has been shown that the plant cytokinin, 2iP, interacts with cAMP metabolism in both mammalian cells (Hecht et al, 1974) and prokaryotes (Coppola et al, 1976). Therefore, the discovery that 2iP, at low concentrations (0.25 mM), induces the same degree of thermotolerance as sublethal heat stress appeared to confirm the view of Shin et al (1987) that CAMP-mediated phosphorylation may regulate the stress response in S.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In this work we have studied the effect of a plant cytokinin, N6-(A2-isopenteny1)adenine (2iP), believed to interfere with cAMP metabolism (Hecht et al, 1974;Coppola et al, 1976) on the stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Also, the effects of 2iP, sublethal heat and ethanol on levels of intracellular CAMP, the induction of thermotolerance and trehalose synthesis were investigated in wild-type S. cerevisiae and in strains with mutations in genes for two of the catalytic subunits of cAPK.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TPK gene products mediate cAMP-independent thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Coote

Jones²,

Edgar³

et al. 1992

Journal of General Microbiology

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Incubation of Succharomyces cereuisiae with the plant cytokinin W-(A2-isopentenyl)adenine (2iP) resulted in an induction of thermotolerance similar to that induced by sublethal temperatures. Intracellular cAMP levels did not change significantly either during incubation at a sublethal temperature or in the presence of 2iP or ethanol. This suggested that stress-induced thermotolerance is triggered by a mechanism independent of cAMP activation. However, measurement of stress-induced thermotolerance in two mutant strains (tpkl, tpk2, TPK3; tpkl, TPK2, tpk3) each deficient in two of the catalytic subunits of the CAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK), revealed that sublethal heat induces thermotolerance by a mechanism part-mediated by the catalytic subunits of cAPK. In contrast, 2iP and ethanol induced thermotolerance by a mechanism fully dependent on the catalytic subunits of cAPK for expression. Therefore, this implies there must be an alternative novel mechanism, other than CAMP, for activating cAPK during stress. Sublethal heating resulted in large increases in intracellular trehalose levels which correlated with the induction of thermotolerance. However, incubation in 2iP or ethanol had no significant effect. This suggests trehalose synthesis is either coincidental with heat stress or that different stress factors induce thermotolerance by alternative mechanisms. Incubation with protein synthesis inhibitors reduced the levels of trehalose synthesized during sublethal heating, suggesting that synthesis of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase during heat stress could be accounting for the increased trehalose levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TPK gene products mediate cAMP-independent thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Coote

Jones²,

Edgar³

et al. 1992

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…This remarkable result has not, however, been corroborated by other studies investigating the effect of cAMP on the growth of individual species. Coppola et al (1976) observed a growth inhibition of Escherichia coli in media supplemented with 5 mM cAMP, and in a study by Chen & Brown (1985), the addition of cAMP at levels ranging from 0.01 to 100 mM showed no consistent influence on the growth rates of Legionella pneumophila. A cAMP concentration-dependent effect on growth may explain the differences in the results of the various studies.…”

Section: Reasons For 'Unculturability'mentioning

confidence: 95%

Strategies for culture of ‘unculturable’ bacteria

Vartoukian

Palmer

Wade

2010

FEMS Microbiology Letters

448

412

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Molecular ecology methods are now well established for the culture-independent characterization of complex bacterial communities associated with various environmental and animal habitats and are revealing the extent of their diversity. By comparison, it has become clear that only a small minority of microorganisms are readily cultivated in vitro, with the majority of all bacteria remaining 'unculturable' using standard methods. Yet, it is only through the isolation of bacterial species in pure culture that they may be fully characterized, both for their physiological and pathological properties. Hence, the endeavour to devise novel cultivation methods for microorganisms that appear to be inherently resistant to artificial culture is a most important one. This minireview discusses the possible reasons for 'unculturability' and evaluates advances in the cultivation of previously unculturable bacteria from complex bacterial communities. Methods include the use of dilute nutrient media particularly suited for the growth of bacteria adapted to oligotrophic conditions, and the provision of simulated natural environmental conditions for bacterial culture. This has led to the recovery of 'unculturables' from soil and aquatic environments, likely to be due to the inclusion of essential nutrients and/or signalling molecules from the native environment.

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“…of the examined organisms form symbiotic or parasitic assodations with higher plants. Therefore, cytokinin production by these microorganisms is regarded to be important for the formation of the host-parasite relationship, Cytokinins of microbial origin may cause abnormal differentation and/or exert effects on the host-plant metabolism, e,g, the ability of rust and mildew fungi to generate "metabolic sinks" (Favati and Marte 1973) and to retard senescense in the plant tissue by affecting chlorophyll breakdown (Dekhuijzen 1976), Some saprophytic fungi as well as yeasts and bacteria produce cytokinins (Coppola et al, 1976, Tanaka et al, 1978, Laten and Zahareas-Doktor 1985 or respond to an exogenous supply of hormones by stimulation of growth or induction of fruit bodies (Gogola 1970, Sladky and Tjichi 1974, Vinklar-kow4 and Sladkjf 1978, Information about probable physiological functions of cytokinins in those organisms is limited, Atmar et al, (1976) demonstrated that exogenousty applied cytokinins influence a protein kinase in Vertidllium albo-atrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cytokinins on growth of Phycomyces blakesleeanus and on the activities of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase

Botz

Hilgenberg

1987

Physiologia Plantarum

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Botz, T. and Hilgenberg, W, 1987, influence of cytokinins on growth of Phycomyces biakesleeanus and on the activities of the glyotylate cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, -Physiol, Plant, 71; 464-470.Treatment of the 1 -f strain of Phycomyces blakesleeanus Bgff. with various cytokinins resulted in a stimulation of growth. The magnitude of growth stimulation depended on both the structure of the hormone used and the carbon source in the culture medium. Most ofthe cytokinin derivatives were active effect in glucose and oleic acid cultures. Benzyladenine (BA) and benzyladenosine stimulated the fungal growth only when oieic acid was the sole carbon source, while they had no effect in glucose cultures within the tested range of concentrations. ["CJ-BA was accumulated by the mycelium of oleic acid cultures. Therefore, differences in BA uptake hetween glucose and oleic acid cultures could account mainly for Ihe specific growth-promoting effect of BA. In oleic acid cultures isocitrate lyase (EC 4.! .3.1) and maiate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2) activities were enhanced by 40 and 34%, resf>ectively, in the presence of BA, A time course of the hormone effect suggests that BA is not involved in induction, but in the regulation of the mentioned enzymes in Phycocmyces. In contrast, acetate when presented as the sole carbon source or after addition to a glucose culture medium, induced isocitrate lyase activity. This enzyme induction was prevented by simultaneous addition of cycloheximide.

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Interactions of N6-( 2-Isopentenyl)adenine with Cyclic AMP on the Regulation of Growth and -Galactosidase Synthesis in Escherichia coli

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

TPK gene products mediate cAMP-independent thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

TPK gene products mediate cAMP-independent thermotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Strategies for culture of ‘unculturable’ bacteria

Influence of cytokinins on growth of Phycomyces blakesleeanus and on the activities of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase

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