Interactions of Nonaqueous Solvents with Textile Fibers

Abstract

The kinetics of the shrinkage of a drawn polyester yam in a number of organic solvents, including toluene, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide (DMF), trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and tetrachloroethane, were investigated at several temperatures. The shrinkage process proceeds at a maximum rate after an induction period which is believed to be associated with diffusion of the solvent into the fiber structure. The temperature dependence of the maximum shrinkage rate follows the Arrhenius relationship. Activation energies ranging from 23 to 36 kcal/mol were found for the various solvents, compared to 13 kcal/mol for the shrinkage in the dry state. The equilibrium or final shrinkage values were found to increase linearly with temperature, thereby allowing extrapolation to a zero-shrinkage temperature. This latter value is believe to be an approximation of the glass-transition temperature of the polyester-solvent system. Horizontal shifting along the temperature axis of the curves relating final shrinkage to temperature resulted in a master shrinkage curve for the solvents investigated. The extent of shifting is also believed to be associated with the glass-transition temperature of the system.

Effect of acetonitrile pretreatment on the physicochemical behavior of 100% polyester fabric

“…The T g of the treated material was found to decrease. A similar decreasing trend in T g as a consequence of solvent treatments was previously reported by many researchers 13–17…”

“…A similar decreasing trend in T g as a consequence of solvent treatments was previously reported by many researchers. [13][14][15][16][17]…”

Effect of microwave pretreatment on the dyeing behaviour of polyester fabric

“…To reduce the energy cost, more efficient processes, such as pretreatment with solvents, have been conceived as an effective route for producing atmospheric pressure dyeable polyester. Extensive research has been carried out on modifying polyesters with the use of solvents [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Researchers [2,12,13] have established that treatment of PET with a suitable solvent results in molecular rearrangement, giving a morphological structure to PET, such as to make it more dye receptive.…”

“…Extensive research has been carried out on modifying polyesters with the use of solvents [2–19]. Researchers [2,12,13] have established that treatment of PET with a suitable solvent results in molecular rearrangement, giving a morphological structure to PET, such as to make it more dye receptive. The process by which to produce low temperature dyeable PET with a methylene chloride pretreatment has been patented [15,16].…”

Kinetics studies of solvent‐induced crystallization of drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) by the in situ density measurement

“…In the studies of solvent-PET interaction, the equilibrium density, volumetric swelling,',2 and equilibrium crystallinity based on infrared (IR) stud-ies3 were used. Ribnick et al [3][4][5][6] working with fibers, correlated the lowering of the glass transition temperature to solubility parameter. They also suggested a bimodal distribution of mechanical properties as a function of total solubility parameter.…”