Interactions of Osteoprogenitor Cells with a Novel Zirconia Implant Surface

Abstract

Background: This study compared the in vitro response of a mouse pre-osteoblast cell line on a novel sandblasted zirconia surface with that of titanium. Material and Methods: The MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 osteoblast precursor cell line was cultured on either sandblasted titanium (SBCpTi) or sandblasted zirconia (SBY-TZP). The surface topography was analysed by three-dimensional laser microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The wettability of the discs was also assessed. The cellular response was quantified by assessing the morphology (day 1), proliferation (day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9), viability (day 1, 9), and migration (0, 6, 24 h) assays. Results: The sandblasting surface treatment in both titanium and zirconia increased the surface roughness by rendering a defined surface topography with titanium showing more apparent nano-topography. The wettability of the two surfaces showed no significant difference. The zirconia surface resulted in improved cellular spreading and a significantly increased rate of migration compared to titanium. However, the cellular proliferation and viability noted in our experiments were not significantly different on the zirconia and titanium surfaces. Conclusions: The novel, roughened zirconia surface elicited cellular responses comparable to, or exceeding that, of titanium. Therefore, this novel zirconia surface may be an acceptable substitute for titanium as a dental implant material.

Impact of physical decontamination methods on zirconia implant surface and subsequent bacterial adhesion: An in‐vitro study

“…Three scanned areas, each measuring 1.29 × 1.28 mm in dimension, were randomly selected on each sample for surface measurements. These measurements were carried out using a Gaussian filter, a low‐pass smoothing filter designed to reduce noise and separate roughness from waviness and form (Munro et al, 2020). The following parameters were chosen to provide information related to various facets of surface topography: Sa (μm): mean surface roughness; measure of arithmetical mean height Sz (μm): maximum surface height; sum of the highest peak and lowest valley Sku (units): kurtosis; measure of sharpness of the surface height distribution Ssk (units): skewness; measure of symmetry about the mean reference plane …”

“…To overcome these drawbacks, zirconia implants have emerged as a viable alternative to titanium implants. Zirconia is a chemically inert material with minimal local and systemic side effects and is already extensively used in clinical dentistry for the fabrication of crowns, bridges, and implant abutments (Grech & Antunes, 2019; Munro et al, 2020). Zirconia is also a highly biocompatible material with an aesthetically pleasing tooth‐colored appearance, acceding to the increasing demand for metal‐free dental implants (Grech & Antunes, 2020; Ozkurt & Kazazoglu, 2011).…”

Oral Tissue Interactions and Cellular Response to Zirconia Implant-Prosthetic Components: A Critical Review

“…As a result, intraosseous implants, components for implants and oral prostheses made from ZrO 2 have attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians due to their biocompatibility properties ( Table 2 ). Materials made from ZrO 2 have consistently shown better biological reactions in periodontal and epithelial tissues where most of the cells are fibroblasts, red-blood cells, platelets, defense and epithelial cells [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ]. In addition, these cells are crucial for the short and long-term success of biomaterials placed in the oral environment although their original task is to protect against contamination from the external environment.…”

“…Monru et al, through a comparison between ZrO 2 treated with surface blasting and Ti treated with surface blasting, revealed a better performance in the spreading and migration of pre-osteoblasts on ZrO 2 surfaces [ 78 ] ( Table 2 ). In greater detail, Fernandes et al evaluated the extracellular responses of pre-osteoblasts to ZrO 2 , their findings showed important changes in the extracellular arrangement because of contact with the zirconia surface.…”

Mechanical Factors Implicated in Zirconia Implant Fracture Placed within the Anterior Region—A Systematic Review

“…Ceramic materials are commonly used in dentistry for various applications, such as the fabrication of crowns and bridges, orthodontic brackets and implant abutments, due to its tooth colored, excellent esthetics and high biocompatibility [ 9 , 10 ]. In fact, preferential use of zirconia material in full-coverage restoration of teeth to achieve optimal gingival architecture, termed ”biologically oriented tooth-preparation technique”, has been well documented [ 10 , 11 ].…”