Interactions of root pruning and deblossoming on growth, development and yield of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple

Metabolism of organic acids, nitrogen and amino acids in chlorotic leaves of ‘Honeycrisp’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh) with excessive accumulation of carbohydrates

“…The excessive accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates and extremely low CO 2 assimilation measured in the chlorotic leaves are consistent with our previous findings (Chen and Cheng 2004), confirming feedback inhibition of photosynthesis by excessive accumulation of carbohydrates in the chlorotic leaves. Excessive accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates and consequent inhibition of photosynthesis have also been observed in the leaves of apple (Schupp et al 1992;Zhou and Quebedeaux 2003), citrus (Schaffer et al 1986) and many other plants (Goldschmidt and Huber 1992;Krapp et al 1993;Krapp and Stitt 1995;Morcuende et al 1996) when phloem transport was blocked via girdling or the major sink of the plant was removed. Although the signal transduction pathway that leads to feedback inhibition of photosynthesis by excessive accumulation of carbohydrates remains unclear, sugar-mediated repression of the expression of photosynthetic genes plays a major role (Krapp et al 1993;Krapp and Stitt 1995) and physical damage of starch grains to chloroplasts may also contribute especially at the late stage.…”

“…Leaves with excessive accumulation of carbohydrates often exhibit yellowing in association with lower CO 2 assimilation. This has been observed in leaves of both herbaceous plants and trees grown at elevated CO 2 (Cave et al 1981;Wullschleger et al 1992;Keutgen et al 1997;Sicher 1998), in leaves of 'Golden Delicious' apple trees after deblossoming (Schupp et al 1992), in citrus leaves after branch girdling and fruit removal (Schaffer et al 1986), and in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing yeast invertase in the cell wall (Stitt et al 1991). Although the effect of excessive accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates on leaf CO 2 assimilation has been well documented, it remains unclear how the down-stream processes that utilize carbohydrates in leaves respond to excessive accumulation of carbohydrates.…”

Influence of Water Stress through Root Pruning on Tree Growth and Fruit Quality in 'Fuji'/M.9 Apple Tree at Full Bloom

“…배환경에 따라 다르지만 화창한 여름철 사과나무의 잎 수분포텐셜은 새벽 2시부터 6시까지 -0.10MPa 이상을 유지하다가 일출 후 광합성 및 증산작용이 본격적으로 활동되는 9시부터 17시 사이에 -2.50MPa까지 내려가 는 것으로 알려져 있는데 (Tromp, 2005a;Yoon et al, 2005;Yoon and Richter, 1991), Lakso(2003) (Kim et al, 2006), 단근의 깊이에 따른 신초생장 억 제효과는 뚜렷한 차이가 없으나 (Schupp and Ferree, 1988), 원줄기에 가깝게 처리를 할수록 잘리는 뿌리의 양이 많아져 수분스트레스가 심해지기 때문에 (Ferree and Schupp, 2003), 사과나무는 주간으로부터 30∼ 60cm 떨어진 곳에서 깊이 30cm 정도로 단근 처리하고 있다 (Baugher et al, 1995;Miller, 1995;Schupp et al, 1992).…”

“…1 (Byun et al, 2006;Ferree and Schupp, 2003). 한편, 본 시험에서 한쪽 30cm 단근 처리구의 오후 잎 수분포텐셜이 양쪽으로 30cm 및 60cm로 단근한 처리 구들보다 높았던 것( Table 2) (Baugher et al, 1995;Miller, 1995;Schupp et al, 1992) Table 5).…”

Elements of the responses of apple trees to root pruning – a review

“…B. Schupp u. Ferree (1988); Schupp et al (1992); Miller (1995) und Ferree u. Schmid (1997 den WS stets während der Blüte durchgeführt, ohne dass nachteilige Nebenwirkungen für den Fruchtansatz sichtbar geworden sind. Schupp u. Ferree (1987) und Ferree (1992 Unter bestimmten Umständen reicht einmaliger WS innerhalb einer Vegetationsperiode nicht aus (Geisler u. Ferree 1984b;Schupp u. Ferree 1989;Fischer 2006).…”