Interactions of the Intracellular Bacterium
            <i>Cardinium</i>
            with Its Host, the House Dust Mite
            <i>Dermatophagoides farinae</i>
            , Based on Gene Expression Data

Hubert, Jan; Nešvorná, Marta; Klimov, Pavel B.; Erban, Tomáš; Sopko, B.; Dowd, Scot E.; Scully, Erin D.

doi:10.1128/msystems.00916-21

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…The analysis of correlation in cultures showed that Wolbachia has a more established interaction than Cardinium Cardinium has a biosynthetic pathway for lipoic acid that enables it to provide lipoate, but not biotin, to mite D. farinae [32] and T. putrescentiae. Meanwhile, the study found that Wolbachia did not possess a complete vitamin pathway, indicating that it did not provide any new nutrients to the mite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Cardinium wins on Wolbachia in double-infected mite cultures

Tresnakova,

Glowska,

Hubert

2024

Preprint

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The different cultures of stored product mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae are single-infected by intracellular bacteria Cardinium or Wolbachia. No natural double-infected Cardinium/Wolbachia-infected mites are known. Under the experiment, single-infected mite (Wolbachia 5N, 5P and Cardinium 5L, 5S) cultures were mixed to double-infected cultures (5LP, 5LN, 5SP, 5SN). The mite fitness and symbionts' presence were analyzed during 5-month-long experiment. Cardinium, Wolbachia and mite genomes were assembled and gene expression in single and double-infected cultures was analyzed. In double-infected cultures, Cardinium infection increased with the time of the experiment from 50 to 95% of infected mites. Cardinium + Wolbachia-infected mite individuals proportion ranged from 0 to 20% of mites in double-infected cultures. Wolbachia infection disappeared in all double-infected cultures up to 5 months of the experiment duration. The double-infected cultures had lower fitness than single-infected cultures. After a month of experiment, the fitness of originally double-infected cultures increased to the level of parental cultures. The correlation analyses of gene expression showed that Wolbachia had well-established interactions with mite predicted KEGG gene expression in a single-infected population. The expression of mite protein was strongly influenced by the presence of Wolbachia, but not by Cardinium. The total numbers of Cardinium-expressed genes did not change, while there was a ten-fold decrease in Wolbachia in double-infected cultures. Cardinium and Wolbachia gene expression showed 30% negative and 70% positive (N = 3793) correlations. The number of correlations between Wolbachia and mite gene expression 5 times decreased in double-infected cultures. The Cardinium had a 6-fold higher number of genes than Wolbachia with significantly higher expression in the multiple infected samples. The gene expression analysis provides a suggestion that the presence of Cardinium inhibits the growth of Wolbachia by the disruption of the Wolbachia interaction with mite host. However, we cannot eliminate stochastic processes resulting in the increase of Wolbachia abundance and symbiont change. Importance We sought insight into the intracellular symbionts’ competition in the novel mite host model. The manipulative experiments established double-infected Wolbachia Cardinium cultures, which were unstable due to their low fitness. Cardinium prevailed during five months in all 4 double-infected cultures. The competition disrupted Wolbachia's interaction with its host on the level of gene expression. The genome expression is highly correlated between Wolbachia and mite hosts in single Wolbachia-infected cultures. These correlations disappeared in multi-infected cultures. Differently, the interaction among host and Cardinium genes showed low differences in the gene expression level. Although Cardinium/Wolbachia-infested individuals are rare, the gene expression of Cardinium and Wolbachia had a high number of positive correlations. It indicates that the symbionts reacted to each other. The data indicates that we have established a new model to study Wolbachia and Cardinium interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous study on Cardinium and Dermatophagoides farinae showed that the correlation between gene expression of host and symbionts identi es the most in uenced host genes and pathways (i.e. endocytosis, phagocytosis, and apoptosis) [32]. The suggested interaction is due to the host immune/regulatory pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Cardinium wins on Wolbachia in double-infected mite cultures

Tresnakova,

Glowska,

Hubert

2024

Preprint

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“…Cardinium was detected in D. farinae strains in China, Europe, and the USA [ 11 ]. In addition, a recent study reported that Cardinium might modulate mite gene expression related to immunity and metabolism [ 25 ]. Similarly, Wolbachia , the intracellular symbiotic bacteria in T. putrescentiae , may play biological roles [ 11 , 26 – 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Dermatophagoides farinae Having Low Bacterial Content Using Ampicillin

Kim

et al. 2023

Journal of Immunology Research

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Background. Symbiotic bacteria in house dust mites pose a risk of immunological side effects in the clinical use of immunotherapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the duration for which the bacterial concentration in Dermatophagoides farinae could be kept low with antibiotic treatment, and whether the allergenic properties of the mite changed under ampicillin treatment. Methods. D. farinae was cultivated in the presence of ampicillin powder in an autoclaved medium for 6 weeks. After subsequent subcultures without ampicillin, the mites were harvested, and the extract was prepared. The amounts of bacteria, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and two major allergens (Der f 1 and Der f 2) were measured. Human bronchial epithelial cells and mice were treated with the D. farinae extract to assess the allergic airway inflammation. Results. The number of bacteria and level of LPS were reduced by 150-fold and 33-fold, respectively, at least 18 weeks after ampicillin treatment. The concentration of Der f 1 and Der f 2 remained unchanged by ampicillin treatment. The secretion of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 from the human airway epithelial cells decreased when treated with the extract of ampicillin-treated D. farinae compared with that of ampicillin-untreated D. farinae. A mouse asthma model was developed using ampicillin-treated D. farinae. We observed that the level of lung function, airway inflammation, and serum-specific immunoglobulin were not different for the mouse asthma model developed using ampicillin-treated D. farinae than the model developed using ampicillin-untreated D. farinae. Conclusions. We showed that bacterial content in D. farinae was reduced by ampicillin treatment, which was sufficient to induce allergic sensitization and an immune response. This method will be used to develop more controlled allergy immunotherapeutic agents.

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“…We hypothesized that Cardinium may regulate the biological functions of D. farinae or be involved in sensitization through wrapping in D. farinae exosomes. Correlation analyses between host and symbiont gene expression profiles revealed that the expression of Cardinium genes explained 95% of the variation in the expression of mite genes assigned to phagocytosis, apoptosis, MAPK signaling cascade, endocytosis, TNF, TGF-β, lysozyme, and Toll/Imd pathways, and the expression of mite genes explained 76% of the variability in Cardinium gene expression, while the expression of the Cardinium genes encoding the signaling molecules BamD, LepA, SymE, and VirD4 was associated with the expression levels of mite genes involved in endocytosis, phagocytosis, and apoptosis ( 34 ). Our data suggest that exosomes may serve as a communication between D. farinae and Cardinium .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes Derived from Dermatophagoides farinae Induce Allergic Airway Inflammation

Yang

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Dermatophagoides farinae , a predominant species of house dust mites in China, has displayed pathogenic role in allergic disorders, and exosomes derived from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid have been strongly associated with allergic respiratory diseases progression. However, the pathogenic role of D. farinae -derived exosomes in allergic airway inflammation has remained unclear until now.

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Interactions of the Intracellular Bacterium Cardinium with Its Host, the House Dust Mite Dermatophagoides farinae , Based on Gene Expression Data

Abstract: The molecular mechanisms of mite-symbiont interactions and their impacts on human health are largely unknown. Astigmatid mites, such as house dust and stored-product mites, are among the most significant allergen sources worldwide.

Cited by 9 publications

References 113 publications

The Cardinium wins on Wolbachia in double-infected mite cultures

The Cardinium wins on Wolbachia in double-infected mite cultures

Production of Dermatophagoides farinae Having Low Bacterial Content Using Ampicillin

Exosomes Derived from Dermatophagoides farinae Induce Allergic Airway Inflammation

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